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The collapse of auto-parts supplier First Brands has brought renewed scrutiny to supply-chain finance, the WSJ’s Jonathan Weil writes in Heard on the Street. There is also more transparency now than just a few years ago because of new disclosure requirements.
Suppliers need cash immediately to keep making products and their customers want to hold on to their cash for as long as possible. Often the buyer will direct the seller to a bank that will quickly pay the seller’s invoice early at a discount. If the seller sought a loan instead, it might have to pay a high interest rate. But with supply-chain finance, the bank will set the discount, or fee, based on the buyer’s credit rating, not the seller’s.
If the buyer is a large company with strong credit, the fee often will cost less than whatever financing the seller could get on its own. However, a company that currently has the ability to pay late might not for long. In that case, a cash hoard could turn into a cash drain if, for instance, the economy hits a soft patch.
Lenders could force companies to cut back on these finance programs if their creditworthiness deteriorates. That would mean having to pay suppliers more quickly.
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