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More Banks Are Earning $100 Million Fees for Advising Big M&A Targets

By Walden Siew | WSJ Leadership Institute

Good morning, CFOs. We're seeing a surge in mega M&A advisory fees, Kristin Broughton reports; Apple CEO Tim Cook's $4 trillion legacy as he steps down amid pivotal challenges on AI; “Spirit’s in trouble,” Trump says, signaling Spirit Airlines may get a lifeline from the administration.

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Union Pacific’s purchase of Norfolk Southern is set to yield $130 million in fees for adviser Bank of America, according to Deal Point Data. GENE J. PUSKAR/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Dealmaking is back, and Wall Street is benefitting from higher M&A advisory fees over the past year.

The trend is being fueled by larger deals. Corporate acquisitions valued at more than $10 billion globally had their best quarter ever during the first three months of the year, as the Trump administration takes a more lax approach to antitrust issues, the WSJ Leadership Institute’s Kristin Broughton reports. Average U.S. deal values also reached an all-time high at the end of 2025.

I asked Kristin about how she spotted this trend—and what may come next.

What's the back story of how this story came about?

I heard about M&A advisory fees topping $100 million for individual banks before I went on maternity leave last spring. I followed up on the story when I got back to work in January. While I was out on leave, there was a wave of big deals that produced big sell-side fees.

Why is this story important for companies and company leaders?

Sellers have an incentive to hire the best-possible investment banker to squeeze a potential buyer into paying the highest-possible premium. The story is important because it shows the cost of doing business is going up in this realm of finance.

There's so much value on the line with big deals that I think it can be easy to overlook what's happening with fees.

What is the main catalyst for these megafees we're seeing this year?

Deal size, though of course other factors such as deal structure can contribute to the overall fee.

Do you expect this trend to continue?

In the story, I quoted Tingting Liu, a professor from the University of Tennessee Knoxville, who has researched sell-side advisory fees going back to the 1980s. Her data shows a trend line that goes sharply up and to the right over the course of four decades. I have no reason to believe that wouldn't continue.

✏️ Help us continue the conversation. Has your company negotiated a sell-side fee with an investment bank? How did you determine the right amount?  (Hit Reply to this newsletter, and we may feature your comments.)

For the full details, read on here.

—Kristin Broughton

 
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The Day Ahead

📆 Earnings

  • AT&T
  • Boeing
  • Boston Scientific
  • CSX
  • GE Vernova
  • Moody’s
  • ServiceNow
  • Southwest Airlines
  • Tesla
  • Texas Instruments
  • United Rentals
 

What Else I’m Watching

Tim Cook is stepping away from the top job with Apple’s revenue four times what it was when he took over. JUSTIN SULLIVAN/GETTY IMAGES

Apple CEO Tim Cook’s legacy. Tim Cook built Apple into a $4 trillion powerhouse, and he's now leaving his position amid big challenges on AI, Rolfe Winkler writes. A look at Cook’s start as an industrial engineer by training, and his rise through the ranks at Apple.

  • The Rise of Apple’s New CEO: Who Is John Ternus?
  • John Ternus Has Big Shoes to Fill at Apple. Luckily, Tim Cook Has a Playbook for That.

Iran war negotiation. Vice President JD Vance paused plans to travel to Pakistan for negotiations with Iran on Tuesday after a last-minute move by Tehran to withhold its delegation left the talks in limbo.

 
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What Else Matters to CFOs

Spirit has struggled to find its footing after a federal judge two years ago blocked its planned sale to JetBlue. PATRICK T. FALLON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES

Meanwhile, President Trump on Tuesday said he was concerned about the prospect of 14,000 Spirit Airlines jobs disappearing as the struggling discounter faces the prospect of going out of business. Trump suggested he would like to find a way to salvage it, saying:

  • “Spirit’s in trouble,” he said. “Maybe the federal government should help that one out.”

Background and context: Spirit filed for bankruptcy protection in August, after a previous bankruptcy filing in late 2024 didn’t resolve its financial struggles. Discount airlines have been under pressure for years, with bigger rivals such Delta Air Lines, United Airlines Holdings and American Airlines Group offering their own basic economy fares—along with more exotic destinations and premium upgrades.

 ‏‏‎ ‎

📰 Other headlines 

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  • UPS Doesn’t Want to Deliver Every Package, but It Really Likes Returning Them
  • New York Sues Coinbase, Gemini Over Crypto Exchanges’ Prediction Markets
  • A Moment of Truth: Which Private-Credit Funds Believe Their Own Balance Sheets?

📈 Earnings wrapup

  • United Airlines to Reduce Capacity as Fuel Costs Soar
  • 3M Reaffirms Forecast as Macro Uncertainty Lingers
  • D.R. Horton Posts Lower Profit
  • TUI Cuts Guidance Amid Uncertainty Over U.S.-Iran War

For more earnings news, click here.

 

Daily Digit

$1,200

Price of a Montblanc Meisterstück fountain pen, which has been a favorite of leaders including King Charles and John F. Kennedy.

 

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About Us

The Wall Street Journal's CFO Journal offers corporate leaders and professionals CFO analysis, advice and commentary to make informed decisions. We cover topics including corporate tax, accounting, regulation, capital markets, management and strategy.

Follow us on X @WSJCFO. The WSJ CFO Journal Team comprises reporters Kristin Broughton, Mark Maurer and Jennifer Williams, and Bureau Chief Walden Siew.

You can reach us by replying to any newsletter, or email Walden at walden.siew@wsj.com.

 
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