·       concurrent use of molecular test on respiratory samples and LF-LAM on urine for diagnosis of TB in adults and adolescents with HIV has improved accuracy and moderate cost requirements compared with single testing;

·      concurrent use of molecular test on respiratory specimens and stool for diagnosis of TB in children has improved accuracy and moderate cost requirements compared with single testing;

·    concurrent use of molecular test on respiratory samples, stool, and LF-LAM on urine in children living with HIV has improved accuracy and moderate cost requirements compared with single testing;

·    two new diagnostic classes have been established: low complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests (LC-aNAATs) and low complexity manual nucleic acid amplification tests (LC-mNAATs).

WHO’s End TB Strategy calls for early diagnosis of TB and universal access to drug-susceptibility testing but the diagnostic gaps remain significant in many countries worldwide.

“The diagnostic options for people with TB and drug-resistant TB, including children and people living with HIV are increasing thanks to manufacturer engagement and research, generating new evidence. Ensuring that everyone in need can obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis will advance efforts at preventing and finally eliminating TB," said Dr Tereza Kasaeva, Director of WHO’s Global TB Programme.