Editor's note

Long before humans started writing, our ancestors made simple patterns containing grids, angles and repetitive lines. But it isn’t clear exactly how we went from there to creating an actual written language some 5,000 years ago. It is especially mysterious given that the part of the brain that processes visual information, the visual cortex, evolved over the course of millions of years in a world where reading and writing didn’t exist. Now Derek Hodgson says he has come up with an answer – with a little help from neuroscience.

Being aware of internal body sensations, such a noticing your heart beat or feeling pain, is called interoception. And researchers have discovered that people with eating disorders have a poorer ability in reading these signals. This knowledge, say Melissa Barker and Rebecca Brewer, could help to develop new treatments for these deadly psychiatric disorders.

Britain seemed on the verge of a moral panic last week, after schools, police, and newspapers issued dire warnings about an online “suicide game” encouraging children to self-harm. But the so-called Momo challenge isn’t real, just the latest example of a digital hoax that fooled many people who should have known better. Lisa Sugiura and Anne Kirby argue that this kind of hysteria is more likely to harm worried parents than their digital-savvy children.

Miriam Frankel

Science Editor

Top stories

Our brains evolved in a world without reading. Semnic/Shutterstock

How did reading and writing evolve? Neuroscience gives a clue

Derek Hodgson, University of York

Reading and writing may have evolved thanks to a natural ability of the brain's visual cortex to process geometrical shapes.

Cozine/Shutterstock

Understanding body signals could be a key factor in eating disorders

Melissa Barker, Royal Holloway; Rebecca Brewer, Royal Holloway

Interoception – the awareness of internal body signals – is important for regulating eating and interpreting emotions.

Ollyy/Shutterstock

Momo challenge shows how even experts are falling for digital hoaxes

Lisa Sugiura, University of Portsmouth; Anne Kirby, University of Portsmouth

It's not just the media who fuel unnecessary concern about so-called suicide games.

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  • Curious Kids: how do shells get made?

    Aurelie Moya, James Cook University

    Molluscs that have shells - like pipis, clams and oysters - have to build their own shell from scratch. And they keep building it their whole life, using chemicals from the sea and their own bodies.

 

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