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Editor's note
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The jockeys at today’s 143rd Kentucky Derby hail from Louisiana, Mexico, Nebraska and France. None are African-American. Historian Katherine Mooney tells the story of the 19th century black jockeys and trainers who became nationwide celebrities, winning more than half of the first 25 Kentucky Derbys. So why, at the turn of the 20th century, did they vanish?
Worried about “fake news” and “echo chambers” distorting politics? A new survey of Americans and residents of six European countries finds people look for information on news and current events by going to search engines more often than through social media. Michigan State media scholar William Dutton explains why that’s good news.
And on the eve of French voters going to the polls to choose their next president, a round up of the latest Conversation coverage from around the world on the election that’s been dubbed a “battle for France’s heart and soul.”
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Nick Lehr
Editor, Arts and Culture
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Top story
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From 1921 to 2000, no black jockeys competed.
Wikimedia Commons
Katherine Mooney, Florida State University
Black jockeys won more than half of the first 25 runnings of the Kentucky Derby. Then they started losing their jobs.
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Science + Technology
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William H. Dutton, Michigan State University
Concerns over filter bubbles and fake news are often based on anecdotal evidence. There is relatively little systematic research on the topic; a new survey finds widespread fears are unwarranted.
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Samuel Redman, University of Massachusetts Amherst
A century-old case of scientific fraud illustrates how hard it is to untangle the truth when access to new discoveries is limited.
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Noah Wardrip-Fruin, University of California, Santa Cruz; Michael Mateas, University of California, Santa Cruz
People want video games and interactive experiences that help them explore deep and meaningful themes, such as creating family, valuing diversity and living responsibly.
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Ethics + Religion
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Steve Pinkerton, Case Western Reserve University
Many in the West treat blasphemy as an obsolete concept. A scholar argues that blasphemy laws in the West suggest otherwise, while also sharing common features with such laws in the Muslim world.
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Mathew Schmalz, College of the Holy Cross
There are over eight million Jehovah's Witnesses in 240 countries worldwide. They have no political affiliations and they renounce violence. However, they have been easy targets for many governments.
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Politics + Society
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Bruce Peabody, Fairleigh Dickinson University
The authors of a new book have data that show politicians and the media love talking about heroes, but ordinary people are much more reluctant. That difference could have political consequences.
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Jonathan J.B. Mijs, Harvard University
People in some of the most unequal countries in the world think theirs is the paradigm of meritocracy. Can the data help explain this phenomenon?
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Stephen Benedict Dyson, University of Connecticut
A scholar who has profiled the likes of Saddam Hussein and Vladimir Putin says there is a method to understanding the madness.
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Education
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Todd Gitlin, Columbia University
Student protest has been in the political spotlight since Trump's election. Todd Gitlin, former president of Students for a Democratic Society, shares his perspective on protest in the 60s and now.
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Steven Fesmire, Green Mountain College
When it comes to politics these days, it feels like everything is 'my way or the highway.' What can colleges do to end this moral fundamentalism and get students listening to each other?
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Economy + Business
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Jena Martin, West Virginia University; Karen Kunz, West Virginia University
Instead, we need to burn the entire system of financial regulation to the ground and replace it with something that supports investing the way it's done today.
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Gil B. Manzon Jr., Boston College; Tim Gray, Boston College
The administration's plan to significantly cut the tax rate on so-called pass-through entities will likely lead to creative tax planning and outright evasion, damaging faith in the system.
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Arts + Culture
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Amanda Lotz, University of Michigan
In sports media – as in sports – no one is invincible.
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Katherine Mooney, Florida State University
Black jockeys won more than half of the first 25 runnings of the Kentucky Derby. Then they started losing their jobs.
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Environment + Energy
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Martin C. Heller, University of Michigan; JB Ruhl, Vanderbilt University; Sacoby Wilson, University of Maryland
Large livestock farms, known as CAFOs, have polluted air and water in many communities. A recent court decision will force CAFOs to report their air emissions from manure and other sources.
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Michelle Bryan, The University of Montana; Monte Mills, The University of Montana; Sandra B. Zellmer, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Trump wants to scale back national monuments on federal lands in the name of boosting the economy. But this would undo decades of investments to manage our cultural and ecological resources.
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Health + Medicine
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Alyssa Moran, Harvard University; Jason Block, Harvard Medical School
Evidence suggests that most Americans wildly underestimate the amount of sodium in their food.
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Simon Haeder, West Virginia University
How preexisting conditions came to be a condition for passage of the Republicans' health care law is a complicated tale. Insurers created the cost-saving technique, excluding millions over the years.
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JB Silvers, Case Western Reserve University
Even Pres. Trump said he had no idea that health insurance can be so complicated.
Part of the reason is that it's not something we really want to buy – and not something we want to buy for others.
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Who Will be France's Next President?
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Richard Fogarty, University at Albany, State University of New York
What does it mean to be French? The two standing presidential candidates hope voters will agree with their version of the answer.
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Colleen Murrell, Monash University
The French must choose between two visions – one from Macron that looks externally to EU partners in trade and security, or one from Le Pen that closes France's borders and yearns for a 'Frexit'.
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Michele Gelfand, University of Maryland; Joshua Conrad Jackson, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill
A new survey of French voters reveals a divide that predicts support for Le Pen. This same characteristic also explains Brexit and the election of Donald Trump.
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Serge Galam, Sciences Po – USPC
It all comes down to how many people abstain.
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