Editor's note

World Cup mania has gripped the globe. We have stories on the psychology of rowdy, touchy or fickle football fans, on how music helps footballers get ready to play, and on sexism in British punditry. There are also pieces that look at how the tournament is causing change, including one on the Virtual Assessment Referee system and the digitalisation of the support, and another on the ‘other World Cup’, CONFIA, which hosts international games for regions and communities not under FIFA membership.

Finally, all African teams have been knocked out of the tournament - which leads to some questions. Chuka Onwumechili assesses whether the money being spent on African teams is managed wisely and what could be done to make better use of it.

Moina Spooner

Commissioning Editor: East Africa

Football Mania

Why do people suddenly 'get into' football during the World Cup?

Chris Stiff, Keele University

Five questions about World Cup fandom, answered by psychology.

CONIFA: how the 'other World Cup' is helping unrecognised nations through football

Joel Rookwood, University of Central Lancashire

The tournament featured teams from Tibet, North Cyprus, the Isle of Man and many more.

World Cup VAR: technology is transforming the beautiful game

Olatunbosun Olaniyan, University of Huddersfield

VAR is part of a wider trend of digitalisation that threatens to make football less natural and spontaneous.

World Cup: sexism in British punditry is clear for all to see

Kath Woodward, The Open University

Thanks to the #metoo and 'everyday sexism' movements, the sexism at this World Cup is not going unnoticed.

A psychological theory to explain how music helps footballers prepare for the pitch

Costas Karageorghis, Brunel University London; Jonathan Bird, Brunel University London; Marcelo Bigliassi, Brunel University London

Heavy hip-hop or heart-plucking instrumental strings? Every player has their favourites, but they all play their part in match preparation.

Revisiting the bang African teams get for the bucks they spend on the World Cup

Chuka Onwumechili, Howard University

African governments and football associations need to do some serious recalculating for the Qatar world cup in 2022.