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A note from...
Bryan Keogh
Senior Editor, Economy + Business
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From Victoria Woodhull in 1872 to Hillary Clinton in 2016, women presidential contenders have faced gender-based abuse while struggling to be seen as candidates rather than “tokens.” A business professor theorized in the 1970s that this dynamic would change only after women achieved a critical mass of about 40% of a group – whether in an office or presidential campaign.
The theory is being put to the test now that women have reached this threshold in the 2020 Democratic primary, writes Elizabeth Tippett, a workplace scholar at the University of Oregon. So how is it affecting the election for Kamala Harris, Amy Kobuchar and the other women running?
Also today:
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Top story
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There’s power in numbers.
Mad Dog/Shutterstock.com
Elizabeth C. Tippett, University of Oregon
Scholars say a 'critical mass' of representation is necessary to overcome 'token' status. That's exactly what we saw at the Democratic debate in Atlanta.
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Ethics + Religion
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Tisa Wenger, Yale University
The US Constitution is supposed to protect freedom of religion. But in the 20th century, white Christian nationalists used this ideal to discriminate against Jews and justify their exclusion.
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Dov Waxman, Northeastern University
The US delighted Israel and outraged Palestinians by announcing it sees nothing illegal with Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Here, a brief history of this hotly disputed land.
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Politics + Society
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Laurel Leff, Northeastern University; Meg Heckman, Northeastern University
Changes to how the landmark federal law to protect women on campuses from sexual discrimination and misconduct is interpreted are having an unintended effect: scaring off potential whistleblowers.
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Donald Beaudette, Emory University; Andrew Kirkpatrick, Christopher Newport University
Politicians who want to unite Ireland under a Dublin-based government are stuck choosing whether to participate in the UK in an effort to stay in the EU.
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Education
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Gregory N. Price, University of New Orleans
The new College Scorecard – an online tool – offers valuable insights into how much you can expect to earn and owe if you choose a particular major at a particular school, an economist writes.
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Hailey Gibbs, University of Maryland
Children ask a lot of questions, but they're not always good ones.
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Environment + Energy
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Cara Daggett, Virginia Tech
As the effects of climate change become clearer and more ominous, fossil fuel companies face a choice: Defy warnings of catastrophic climate change, or envision their roles in a post-carbon world.
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Verity Mathis, University of Florida
An animal's poop may seem like something to avoid, but it's full of information about the creature that left it there.
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Most read on site
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Matt Bertone, North Carolina State University
This Speed Read makes the case why you should be nice to spiders you encounter in your home and consider a live-and-let-live policy.
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Emily Moran, University of California, Merced
Masting is what biologists call the pattern of trees for miles around synchronizing to all produce lots of seeds – or very few. Why and how do they get on schedule?
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Elizabeth C. Tippett, University of Oregon
An employment law expert explains why you shouldn't use an age-related insult at work to demean an older colleague.
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Today’s chart |
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Erik C. Nisbet
The Ohio State University
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Olga Kamenchuk
The Ohio State University
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