Editor's note

Academic freedom is at the heart of successful universities, yet it’s under threat around the world. Some governments imprison critical academics, restrict access to libraries and research materials, censor books, and prevent the publication of research on certain topics. Kicking off an international series on academic freedom, Eva Pils and Marina Svensson look at the state of free speech and inquiry and say universities and academics must unite to tackle new and rising threats.

As a high-risk sport, boxing has evolved down the centuries to become safer, but new research suggests it’s not just on fight night that boxers are in danger. And rooftops covered with grass and lush foliage offer significant benefits to cities, so why don’t all buildings have them? Two urban ecologists explain why the skies need gardens.

Holly Squire

Health, Society and Education Editor

Top stories

Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. shutterstock/Piotr Wawrzyniuk

Academic freedom is under threat around the world – here’s how to defend it

Eva Pils, King's College London; Marina Svensson, Lund University

Not only do some countries perpetrate direct attacks on students and academics but the internationalisation of higher education has also created new global threats.

Shutterstock

How routine sparring can cause short-term impairment to boxers’ brains

Thomas Di Virgilio, University of Stirling; Angus Hunter, University of Stirling; Magdalena Ietswaart, University of Stirling

New research reveals that routine sparring can have immediate effects on the brain, putting athletes at greater risk of injury when brain-muscle communication is impaired.

USEPA/Flickr.

Green roofs improve the urban environment – so why don’t all buildings have them?

Michael Hardman, University of Salford; Nick Davies, University of Salford

From happier and healthier residents to more resilient buildings – green roofs offer significant benefits to cities.

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