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Editor's note
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The Protestant Reformation’s creation story centres on events that supposedly unfolded in the German town of Wittenberg 500 years ago today. But Peter Marshall reckons there’s a whiff of myth about the image of Martin Luther nailing a list of grievances to a church door. Our series of articles to mark this disputed anniversary also looks at the other man behind the Reformation, at the strange changes in the commemoration of the event, and at its
enduring musical legacy.
For thousands of years, humans have assumed that an intensely red sunset is a sign that the following day will be clear and pleasant – and that a red sky in the morning is a shepherd’s warning. But is there any scientific evidence to back this up? Daniel Brown explains.
With the nights drawing in and ghosts, ghouls and demons on the prowl, Halloween is the perfect time to stay safe and cosy indoors. Andrew Dix and Xavier Aldana Reyes share their guides to the best seasonal entertainment, from spooky films to spine tingling stories. And if all the scares are keeping you awake, don’t miss our top tips for soothing yourself to sleep.
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Joel Dimmock
Senior Commissioning Editor
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Top story
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Ferdinand Willem Pauwels/Wikimedia Commons
Peter Marshall, University of Warwick
Just what are we celebrating when we imagine an Augustinian friar nailing a document to a church door?
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Arts + Culture
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Marion Goldman, University of Oregon; Steve Pfaff, University of Washington
On the 500th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, two scholars explain how Luther's personal and spiritual life contributed to his success.
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Angus Cameron, University of Leicester
Meet Jakob Fugger, the man who underwrote the ambition of power-hungry medieval Princes.
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Andrew Dix, Loughborough University
From the good to the bad, to the downright scary.
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Xavier Aldana Reyes, Manchester Metropolitan University
A guide to some lesser known treats to read and watch over Halloween.
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Sylvie Magerstaedt, University of Hertfordshire
Norse mythology is just a starting point for this all-action comic-book adventure.
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Science + Technology
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Daniel Brown, Nottingham Trent University
The science of red skies can also help us understand how stars form.
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Peter Cowling, University of York
AI just beat a top human professional in the game Dota 2, but the technology could help with much bigger strategic problems.
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Eerke Boiten, De Montfort University; David S. Wall, University of Leeds
It turns out you can't ensure cyber-security in the world's fifth-largest employer if there's no one in charge of making it happen.
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Business + Economy
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Jennifer Ferreira, Coventry University
High streets are being taken over in a battle between specialty cafés and the
mega chains.
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Health + Medicine
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Derek Gatherer, Lancaster University
Although some experts still disagree about the cause of Prince Albert's untimely demise, the most likely culprit seems to be the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
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Joanna Waloszek, University of Melbourne
If you're tossing and turning in the middle of the night, these techniques may help you to nod off.
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Politics + Society
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Scott Weightman, University of Leicester
A demagogue playing the media to legitimise extreme movements and radical right-wing causes? The US has been here before.
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Aidan Hehir, University of Westminster
Just because the constitution says secession is illegal, it doesn't mean it is under international law.
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Lee Jarvis, University of East Anglia; Eylem Atakav, University of East Anglia; Lee Marsden, University of East Anglia
A series of films made by Muslims shows how much confusion remains about the term.
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Environment + Energy
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Graeme Heyes, Manchester Metropolitan University
Airports are caught in a bind, relying on income from parking fees but under pressure to make sure fewer passengers pay them. Vote with your wallet.
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Featured events
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Birmingham, Birmingham, B2 5EP, United Kingdom — University of Birmingham
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University of Liverpool, Central Teaching Hub, Liverpool, Merseyside, GB, L69 7BX, Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BX, United Kingdom — University of Liverpool
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Chancellors Conference Centre, Moseley Road, Manchester, Manchester, M14 6ZT, United Kingdom — University of Manchester
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Egham Hill, e, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom — Royal Holloway
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