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Editor's note
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If you thought we were serious (and not sarcastic), you’re probably not alone. People often take a stab at sarcasm in texts and emails, only to end up sending mixed messages. That’s because in order for sarcasm to resonate – and not be misconstrued – context, facial expression and tone of voice all play a role. Psychologist Sara Peters explores the role of sarcasm in the digital age, pointing to some new tools texters and tweeters have to ensure their sarcastic barbs aren’t misconstrued.
Fish farming has a spotty reputation among many Western social scientists and development advocates, who view it as mainly producing high-value species like shrimp for export to wealthy nations. But new research shows that in fact, aquaculture is an increasingly important food source in the global south, where it is widely accessible to poorer consumers.
In Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” published 200 years ago, the title scientist was bioengineering life by stitching together body parts he’d recovered from the graveyard. Rereading the book, University of Washington biochemistry Ph.D. student Ian Haydon realized that if Shelley wrote the book today, Dr. Frankenstein “would surely be a synthetic biologist,” working instead with the molecules of life. Luckily, scientific ethics have advanced along with the high-tech equipment and ingredients.
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Nick Lehr
Arts + Culture Editor
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Top Stories
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Because you’ve never seen it before, right?
Heather
Sara Peters, Newberry College
Sarcasm thrives in ambiguous situations, which makes it especially ripe for misinterpretation.
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Farmed fish like these carp now make an important contribution to global food security.
Ben Belton
Ben Belton, Michigan State University; Dave Little, University of Stirling; Simon Bush, Wageningen University
Many critics say that fish farms mainly sell their output to wealthy countries and don't provide much benefit to poor people in producing countries. Three aquaculture experts show why this view is wrong.
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Victor Frankenstein’s mistakes serve as cautionary lessons.
Etienne Marais/Pexels
Ian Haydon, University of Washington
If Mary Shelley wrote the book today, Victor would surely be a synthetic biologist. But those fiddling with living things in 2018 have hopefully learned from her cautionary tale.
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Politics + Society
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Stephen Benedict Dyson, University of Connecticut
A scholar who has profiled leaders like Saddam Hussein and Vladimir Putin says there is a method to understanding the madness.
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Naomi Schalit, The Conversation
What scholars know about the past, present and future of the US' relationship with North Korea, as the two country's leaders prepare to meet.
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James Jacobs, New York University
Florida does not have a 'red flag' law that would have let police seize Nikolas Cruz's guns before he killed. But there are actions law enforcement could have taken to address his murderous impulses.
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Veronica Herrera, University of Connecticut
In many Mexican cities, water is treated as a political bargaining chip – a favor that public officials can trade for votes, bribes or power.
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Economy + Business
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Yannick Thams, Suffolk University; Bari Bendell, Suffolk University; Siri Terjesen, American University
The share of board seats held by women varies dramatically across the country, from none in Alaska to close to half in New Mexico. A few key policies may make all the difference.
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Joseph W. Mead, Cleveland State University
The First Amendment protects everything from porn to hateful signs outside military funerals. That includes fundraising pitches of all kinds.
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Bruno Pellegrino, University of California, Los Angeles
Italy has stagnated for more than two decades, yet its politicians seem hardly aware of the source of the problem, let alone how to fix it.
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William Hauk, University of South Carolina
President Trump slapped steep tariffs on steel imports, echoing protectionist measures taken by Bush in 2002.
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Education
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Taryn Morrissey, American University
Even though child care costs more than college tuition in many states, college affordability seems to get more attention. Here's why that needs to change.
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Erin McHenry-Sorber, West Virginia University
The recent strike by teachers in West Virginia demonstrates larger issues with pay disparities for rural teachers.
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Arts + Culture
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Julie Dobrow, Tufts University; Calvin Gidney, Tufts University; Jennifer Burton, Tufts University
It's not just how characters look. How they talk and the role they play have a profound impact on kids, who are quick to categorize characters as 'good' or 'bad' based on superficial qualities.
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Michael Downing, Tufts University
The original arguments Congress made for 'springing ahead' have been thoroughly debunked. So why are they still being used by legislators today?
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Health + Medicine
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Michael S. Jaffee, University of Florida
Few things seem to matter to our health as much as a good night’s sleep, but fewer and fewer of Americans are getting it. A neurologist explains why sleep is so important.
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David Wagner, University of Oregon
Most Americans dread the time switch to daylight saving time, which results in a loss of an hour's sleep. The downside is more serious than that – it can lead to workplace injuries and traffic fatalities.
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Laurie Mintz, University of Florida
Research demonstrates a two-way relationship between sleep problems and sexual problems, as well as between satisfying sex and sound sleep. If you want better sex, you need better sleep.
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Simon F. Haeder, West Virginia University; Valarie Blake, West Virginia University
The Affordable Care Act has been under siege since it became law eight years ago. What impact will the latest lawsuit against it have?
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Environment + Energy
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Jennifer Weeks, The Conversation
The Trump administration is considering requests from hunters to import wildlife trophies (body parts) on a case-by-case basis. Does this approach promote conservation or threaten endangered species?
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Harvey Lillywhite, University of Florida
Sea snakes spend their lives in the water, giving birth to live young at sea, so why are they only found in some of the world's oceans? The answer lies in a combination of climate and geography.
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Bill Dennison, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Robert J. Orth, Virginia Institute of Marine Science
An ambitious plan to cut the flow of nutrients into the Chesapeake Bay has produced historic regrowth of underwater seagrasses. These results offer hope for other polluted water bodies.
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William J. Kinsella, North Carolina State University
During the Cold War, the US built nuclear weapons at a network of secretive sites across the nation. Some are still heavily polluted and threaten public health today.
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Science + Technology
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Ione Fine, University of Washington; Alicia Shen, University of Washington
Women are underrepresented in academic science. New research finds the problem is even worse in terms of who authors high-profile journal articles – bad news for women's career advancement.
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Richard White, Stanford University
Efforts to curb railroads' monopoly power in the 19th century hold lessons for 21st-century policymakers and internet giants alike.
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Nir Kshetri, University of North Carolina – Greensboro
More connected devices means more vulnerability to cyberattacks. Is there a cheap, easy and secure way to protect the internet and the world?
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Laurence Steinberg, Temple University
Teens' brains develop different skills along a predictable timeline. These milestones should influence the legal age boundaries for voting, buying guns and being put to death.
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