Editor's note

Here a few things African countries taught the world about democracy in 2017. For starters, don’t mess with the military. Secondly, you can get away with murder if you’re polite. And Western countries are part of the continent’s political problems. Nic Cheeseman unpacks these and other lessons after another tumultuous year around Africa.

Throughout its history, Québec has been profoundly shaped and guided by religious authorities. Missionary propaganda was one of the most important ways in which people learned about the broader world well into the 20th century. And many of their missives were vehemently anti-Islam. Frederick Burrill explains how this sense of Muslims as “irrational” has carried into some in modern Quebec’s attitudes to Islam - and to Islamophobia.

Caroline Southey

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A strong judiciary isn’t enough to keep democracy in place. Kenya’s Supreme Court decision nullifying the re-election of Uhuru Kenyatta is a case in point. Reuters/Baz Ratner

A year of illusions: five things we learnt about democracy in Africa in 2017

Nic Cheeseman, University of Birmingham

The past 12 months provided further evidence of the danger of democratic backsliding in Africa. But it also saw powerful presidents suffer embarrassing setbacks in a number of countries.

Islamophobia in Québec has roots that lie within our missionary past and the Christian nature of our society. We need to reinterpret out past in order to move forward and past 20th century racism. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Graham Hughes)

Islamophobia in Québec: An ideology rooted in 20th century imperialism

Frederick Burrill, Concordia University

The current aggressive version of Islamophobia in Québec is unique to the province. We need a critical re-interpretation of our own history to build a Québec freed from our old racist patterns.

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