Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health In this Issue we focus on some examples of what PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centres (CCs) under the Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinant of Health (CDE) have been doing with PAHO/WHO in the past two
years. CCs are typically parts of institutions which have been designated by the WHO Director-General to carry out activities in support of the Organization's programs.
In the Region of the Americas, Pan-Americanism is one of the guiding principles of PAHO's technical cooperation. More importantly, the work of CCs is done in that same spirit - countries helping countries, for the benefit of all. This newsletter aims to highlight this work.
See how CCs are supporting PAHO/WHO
Collaboration in 60-Second Bytes
FACT: Collaborating on
the consolidation, analysis and production of tables, figures and graphs related to TB data collected from Member States and in the development of Regional TB Reports 2019 and 2020; also supported the development of TB epidemiological reviews (TB Epi-reviews) in selected countries of the Region, training, and a regional workshop on the Analysis and Use of Tuberculosis Information in the Americas. Activities are targeted at those working on TB and national TB programs.
IMPACT: Better understanding of the epidemiological and programmatic situation of TB in Member States resulting in better monitoring and accountability.
FACT: Participated in the development of the Argentine Network for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring; contributed to the mapping of national and provincial initiatives and the
update of strategies to achieve the elimination of vector transmission of Chagas Disease; and advanced in the installation of a Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) laboratory to
evaluate insecticide susceptibility in mosquitoes, and produce insecticide
-impregnated papers. Deliverables targeted at Member States and laboratories working with insecticide resistance surveillance. IMPACT: Strengthened national insecticide resistance surveillance networks; increased regional capacity for the evaluation of products for vector control based on the use of insecticides; and increased accessibility of insecticide-impregnated papers.
FACT: Coordinates the Virtual Network for the Zoonosis Control Centres for the America
Region.
IMPACT: Collaboration results in the exchange of experience, good practices, and technical advice.
FACT: Identified and sequenced the rabies virus from several Member States
IMPACT: Better understanding of the rabies epidemiology.
FACT: Hosted training for national rabies laboratories across the Region.
IMPACT: Building capacity across the Region.
FACT: Supported the development of a guideline for preventive chemotherapy
for Taenia solium
teniasis, disseminated virtually and face-to-face, targeted at neglected infectious diseases control program managers, public health workers, and researchers. IMPACT: Can be used regionally and globally in Taeniasis endemic regions.
FACT: Published “Interactive Atlas of Leishmaniasis in the Americas - Clinical aspects and differential diagnoses,” in Spanish and English, to provide health professionals with the possibility of searching, knowing and interactively analyzing 1,029 photos and illustrations of leishmaniasis and differential diagnosis to support the care of infected patients; hosted a virtual course on NTD-skin - Cutaneous and mucosal
Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Deliverables are targeted at health workers, students, researchers, and teachers.
IMPACT: Regional and global impact, since material is accessible to
any health worker in the Region for
the diagnosis and care of leishmaniasis patients.
FACT: Updated clinical management guidelines for arbovirus infections
for June 2021; developed a dengue course on clinical diagnosis and management (English and Spanish); and a virtual classroom for training of teachers (available on PAHO's Virtual Campus for Public
Health). Training is intended for health personnel in charge of the primary care of arboviral diseases. IMPACT: Since its launch, more than 24,000 health professionals have been trained in 43 countries.
FACT: Provides services to characterize malaria resistance across countries in the Guiana Shield and Amazonian region, including (1) phenotyping parasites against several antimalarial drugs, (2) genotyping parasites, and (3) genotyping of polymorphic markers; assists Member States with the molecular analysis as part of Therapeutic Efficacy Study protocols;
and conducts specific analysis of
samples from French Guiana, Guyana, and Venezuela, sharing information regarding molecular markers circulating in the Guiana shield area, the absence of drug resistance to artemisinin combination therapies, and information regarding HRP2/HRP3 gene deletion.
IMPACT: Characterization of malaria resistance across countries in the Guiana Shield and Amazonian region thereby providing important information to guide national malaria programs on procurement of Rapid Diagnostic Tests.
FACT: Offers Malaria Microscopy training to assess the competency for malaria diagnosis; provides PAHO with technical reviews of malaria diagnosis documents and processes in the Region; and collaborated in the technical review of a virtual course on malaria
diagnosis. Training is targeted at national reference laboratories of the Region. IMPACT: Contributes to PAHO’s malaria elimination and global eradication goals to promptly detect, diagnose and treat malaria, and to maintain capacities to prevent reestablishment under quality assurance standards.
FACT: Conducted research on rabies control, epidemiology, diagnosis, and training. Deliverables are targeted at zoonosis control centers and national Rabies programs and laboratories from the Region.
IMPACT: Capacity building across the Region.
FACT: Tested the performance of household water treatment (HWT) technologies in removing pathogens from drinking-water; supported the review of the chemical aspects of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ), including conducting literature reviews and summarizing risk
assessments. Targeted at institutions of health, environment, water and sanitation, as well as academia. IMPACT: Key for improving the quality of water for the population at risk where the water supply is insecure in our Region and in the which the marginal urban, rural and dispersed rural population is the most affected. Likewise, these technologies are used in emergencies that affect water quality.
FACT: Collaborates with Brazil and Venezuela through the onchocerciasis elimination program for the Americas (OEPA) and several countries in Africa on issues related to serological diagnosis and entomological assessments of the impact of Mass Drug
Administration (MDA) elimination programs.
IMPACT: Entomological and serological assessments are crucial for towards the elimination of onchocerciasis transmission. These assessments are used to make decisions regarding the Mass Drug Administration strategy such as stopping treatment and verifying the elimination of transmission.
FACT: Conducted consultations to identify operational research gaps in the
use of serology as a tool to strengthen surveillance of trachoma, resulting in a manuscript on the current status and priorities for future investigation; provided technical assistance, training, reagents, materials, and supplies to public health laboratories in Mexico and Paraguay on the use of Multiplex Bead Assay (MBA) in the Multiplex Initiative; provides technical support on population-based integrated serosurveillance survey protocols, training and supplies for implementation of the surveys, and support for analysis and interpretation of data produced in Brazil, Mexico, and Paraguay; also provided technical assistance to Guatemala and Guyana for the inclusion of serology for multiple diseases within surveys for neglected infectious diseases and is analyzing samples for results in 2021. Targeted mainly at Ministries of Health and national public health labs, where trachoma is a
public health problem. IMPACT: Improved trachoma surveillance at the regional and global level through the development of innovative surveillance tools which promote integrated and inter programmatic work.
Publications Chagas Disease Dengue and Insecticide Resistance Malaria Tuberculosis Rabies Water Quality Zoonoses
General Announcements WHO CCs are institutions such as universities, hospitals, research institutes, academies or ministries which have been designated to carry out activities in support of the Organization’s programs. This is accomplished by aligning CC workplans with various mandates and guiding documents of the Organization. One such instrument is
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs). To learn more click on the link below: SDG Alignment of PAHO/WHO CCs
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