Grasp the pattern, read the trend

No. 20, May/2022, 3

Brought to you by CPG

Dear Readers, 

Welcome to this week’s Asia in Review issue.

Wishing you an informative read, I extend special greetings to everyone who celebrates Cameroon’s National Day, East Timor’s Independence Restoration Day, Eritrea’s National Day, Montenegro’s Independence Day, Norway’s Constitution Day, Somaliland’s Independence Day, and Yemen’s Unity Day in this week.

With best regards,

Henning Glaser

Editor in Chief

Webpage: www.cpg-online.de, Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CPGTU

Main Sections

• Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in East Asia

• Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in South Asia

• Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in Southeast Asia

• International Relations, Geopolitics and Security in Asia

• Announcements

Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in East Asia

China: President Xi addresses CCP youth wing amid new efforts on job market for college graduates

(ckx/dql) Speaking at an event held on the occasion of the centenary of the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Chinese President Xi Jinping reassured its role as a “vanguard force in mobilizing China’s youth,” and called on CYCL members to dare to “struggle, confront difficulties in the face and overcome hardships,” to take “political training seriously,” and to “actively unify around the Communist Party.”

The call comes amid growing employment pressures as the country is struggling with the economic impacts of the strict “zero-Covid” policy. This applies especially to China’s 11 million new college graduates who are confronted with a tough job market. [South China Morning Post] [AP News] [The New York Times]

Meanwhile, the State Council announced new measures aimed to support the employment of college graduates in a May 13 meeting, including granting subsidies to employers who recruit more graduates. Young college educated entrepreneurs will be provided with guaranteed loans, one-off subsidies and tax breaks. They will also be granted free access to 30 percent of government-investment incubator facilities. In case of economic hardship, the repayment of student loans can be deferred while the interest is reduced or even exempted. The meeting also announced the state-owned enterprises will hire more graduates, as well. [Xinhua]

China: Retired cadres warned not to violate disciplinary party rules

(dql) The General Office of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has issued regulations which ban retired cadres from making “negative political speeches.” They also require all party departments to ensure that former party officials and party members “listen to the party and follow the party,” and to seriously handle “violations of disciplinary rules.”

The General Office of the CCP is an office directly under the Central Committee of the CCP that providing support for the Central Committee and its Politburo. This includes the codification of intra-party regulations, policy research and administrative support.

The guidelines appear as part of efforts to cement internal party discipline ahead of the national of congress of the of the (CCP), where President Xi Jinping is expected to seek a third term as party leader. [South China Morning Post]

They come as rumors circulate that Xi is suffering from cerebral aneurysm for the treatment of which he was hospitalized late last year. [ANI]

For a discussion of claims of a demise of Xi’s power, see N.S. Lyons in [The Post] who argues that while “internal policy divisions in Beijing may indeed exist […] Xi Jinping is in no real danger of losing power.”

China: Rumors of suspension of passport issuance for overseas travelling to control pandemic denied

(ckx/dql) China’s National Immigration Administration (NIA), the country’s top immigration agency, has dismissed rumors that it halted passport issuances and invalidated residency cards for citizens travelling and living abroad and insisted that duties and services were operated normally.

The rumors spread after a statement of the NIA earlier last week announced that unnecessary overseas travels by Chinese citizens would be ‘strictly limited’ to minimize the risks of Covid-19 infections through international travels. [Reuters][Sixth Tone]

Global Times, the Chinese Communist Party’s newspaper, denounced the rumors as deliberate disinformation of foreign media outlets that seek to “undermine China’s COVID-19 prevention measures and regulations.” [Global Times]

Meanwhile, hundreds of students of Peking University staged a rare protest on May 15 to express their discontent with the attempts of the university to erect a wall of sheet metal that confines them to their dormitory area in Beijing’s Haidian district. The wall, designed as a Covid-19 measure, would have prevented students from leaving the compound while faculty staff to would be permitted move about freely. Bowing to the protest, the university backed down on the confinement plan. [The New York Time] [South China Morning Post]

China: Hong Kong police arrest Cardinal Joseph Zen

(ckx/dql) Cardinal Joseph Zen, former bishop of Hong Kong and key figure in the city’s democracy movement and three other trustees of the 612 Humanitarian Relief Fund have been arrested by the national security department of the Hong Kong police on suspicion of colluding with foreign powers to endanger national security in the former British colony.

Established in 2019 and disbanded last year, the 612 Humanitarian Relief Fund provided anti-government protesters with financial who face legal troubles or were in need of medical treatment.

The Catholic Church issued a statement expressing concern and adding that the developments will be observed “with extreme attention.” [BBC] [Vatican News]

The arrest cements fears among western governments and international organizations about the implementation of a sweeping crackdown on the democracy movement in Hong Kong under the 2020 National Security Law for Hong Kong. [CNN] [The Guardian][Aljazeera]

China: Report reveals details of military logistics supply network

(ckx/dql) A report released by Chinese state media has revealed details of China’s network of military logistics supply, alongside information about their operation under the concept of joint operations in a system believed to be inspired by Transcom (United States Transportation Command), one of eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense that was set up in 1987 and is in charge of coordinating missions worldwide using both military and commercial transportation resources.

The report discloses operations of the five logistic support centers of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) five theatre commands in the Central, West, East, South and North, saying that a digital supplies storage system has been established in each of the centers and comparing them with a “speedy courier” to make their delivery service more professional and safer.

The five centers are supported by Joint Logistic Support Force, established in 2016 to replace the former General Logistics Department and based in Wuhan, the country’s transport and industrial hub. [South China Morning Post]

China: Largest destroyer conducts dills in Yellow Sea

(dql) China has dispatched its navy’s largest destroyer, the Lhasa, and three corvettes for three days to the Yellow Sea to conduct joint military drills that covered air-defence, anti-ship and anti-submarine exercises.

Observers believe that the ‘high-low’ mix drill that brought together a huge and advanced warship and relatively inferior and smaller warships was aimed to simulate military confrontations with weaker countries in the region, which possess small warships similar to China’s corvettes.

A Type 055 stealth-guided missile destroyer with displacement of 12,000 tons, the Lhasa is considered to be second only to the USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000). It was declared combat-ready in January. [South China Morning Post 1]

Meanwhile, analysts said that the Hainan amphibious assault vessel – the country’s first and largest Type 075-class amphibious assault ship and the second-largest vessel type in the Chinese navy after the two aircraft carriers – has boosted Beijing’s deterrence and logistics capabilities in the South China Sea.

Commissioned a year ago, the Hainan reached initial operating capability in early March. It provides the Chinese army with new options for different kinds of missions both near China and further from its shores, including small island assault combat operations, non-war missions, including humanitarian aid, disaster relief and the evacuation of Chinese nationals. [South China Morning Post 2]

Furthermore, Chinese scientists have claimed that China is progressing fast is developing a heat-seeking hypersonic weapon capable tracking and hitting a moving car at five times the speed of sound, indicating a further advancement of China’s in development of hypersonic missiles. [WION]

Japan: Diet passes economic security law

(cm) A bill aimed at strengthening the country’s economic security was enacted by Japan’s House of Councillors on May 11. The bill is directed at guarding technology and reinforcing critical supply chains, as well as imposing tighter supervision of Japanese firms that work in sensitive fields or critical infrastructure. The bill will take effect in steps starting from next spring. The law comes as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and China’s rise in the high-technology field add pressure to enhance protection against hacking and cyberattacks.

The new law outlines four pillars that include bolstering supply chains for the procurement of semiconductors and other vital products and smoothing artificial intelligence development through cooperation between the private and the public sectors. Certain sensitive technology-related patents will be made nonpublic, and the government is set to screen equipment used to reduce sensitivity to threats by infrastructure operators in sectors such as telecommunication or transportation before installment.

However, businesses are concerned about the government’s increased interference as details of the infrastructure equipment to be screened, which will be set by ordinances later, remain ambiguous. For this reason, a nonbinding resolution stating that the independence of business activities is to be respected was added to the bill. [Kyodo News]

Japan: Same-sex partnership system to start in November

(cm) On May 10 the Tokyo metropolitan government presented a new. Draft version of a system that recognizes sexual minorities’ partnerships. The plan is to enact the policy in November, and in order to do so a draft amendment to the current ordinance on human rights that references the partnership system will be submitted to the Tokyo metropolitan assembly in June.

Currently, Japan does not legally recognize same-sex marriages, but many prefectural and local governments issue legally nonbinding certifications recognizing such couples; Tokyo will be the ninth among the 47 prefectures in Japan to introduce a system of this kind. Eligibility for the so-called “Tokyo Partnership Oath System” is expanded to couples in which at least one partner is a part of a sexual minority and works or resides in or plans to move to the capital within three months; the system will also not be limited to Japanese nationals. [The Mainichi]

Japan: Okinawa marks 50 years since handover from United States

(cm) On May 15 the Japanese island chain of Okinawa marked the 50^th anniversary of the end of the 27-year-long U.S. occupation and its return to Japan in 1972.

Speaking on this occasion, Okinawa Governor Denny Tamaki urged the central government to reduce the U.S. military presence in the island group, where majority of the U.S. bases in the country are hosted. The presence of the troops burdens the island with noise, pollution, accident and crimes and the issue has sparked protests in the past years as strong opposition comes from people within the prefecture.

Tamaki has already submitted a petition to the central government and U.S. Ambassador to Japan Rahm Emanuel earlier in May to request a significant reduction of the U.S. military, the immediate closure of the Futenma base and discarding the plan of building a new base in Henoko; on the other hand, Tokyo insists that the U.S. marine base in Futenma is to be relocated within Okinawa instead of elsewhere, as demanded by many locals. [Japan Today]

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, for his part, vowed to “steadily make visible progress” in efforts to alleviate Okinawa’s burden of hosting U.S. military bases, saying that his government will look into ways to “unlock Okinawa’s potential” for a “a strong Okinawan economy.”

Okinawa is hosting the bulk of U.S. military installations in Japan, some 70 percent of such facilities by acreage. [Mainichi]

South Korea: New president says inflation is country’s “biggest problem”

(dql) In the first meeting with senior aides since his inauguration on May 10 [see AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2], South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol identified rising inflation in the country as the “biggest problem” his administration has to tackle, urging them find counter-measures.

In line with the global trend, South Korea has been seeing consumer good prices rising, with the inflation rate at 4.1 percent in March and 4.8 percent in April. It had been at 3 percent for five consecutive months since October last year. [The Korea Herald 1]

Further complicating Yoon’s position is the fact that his party, the People Power Party (PPP), is outnumbered by its rival, the Democratic Party (DP) in parliament, thus lacking the power to pass laws on its own. Currently, the DP holds the majority of 168 seats in the 300-member National Assembly, while the PPP commands only 109 seats. The next legislative election will be held in 2024.

Reflecting a confrontational stance, the DP has deliberately attempted to delay the confirmation procedures for several ministerial nominees for Yoon’s Cabinet with demands for rigorous checks on their qualification. [The Korea Herald 2]

South Korea: Local elections campaign period to start

(dql) Three months after the presidential election, South Korea is preparing for the local elections schedule for June 1 as the National Election Commission has begun to receive applications from candidates.

The official campaign period will kick off on May 19 and will end on May 31. 

For the first time, high school seniors will be able to run as candidates after last year’s passage of amendments to the Public Official Election Act that lowered the age requirement from 25 to 18 for being a lawmaker, a local council member or a local government chief.

In the previous election, the Democratic Party (DP) secured a landslide victory, winning 14 of the 17 metropolitan mayoral and gubernatorial posts.

However, in the wake of the victory of the rival People Power Party (PPP) in the March presidential election, the outcome to the local elections is highly uncertain. In April, the party also won the mayoral by-elections with large margins. [The Korea Herald]

A setback for the DP might be a sexual harassment controversy involving the party’s three-term senior Member of House of Representatives Park Wan-joo who was expelled from the party over allegations of sexual abuse of his secretary. [Korea Times]

Taiwan: Constitutional Court confirms government order on controversial ractopamine beef imports

(dql) In an adjudication of conflict between state organs, Taiwan’s Constitutional Court has ruled as constitutional a December 2020 order of central government that invalidated food safety regulations introduce by local governments requiring food product to be free of ractopamine, an animal feed additive used to increase leanness and food conversion efficiency in farmed animals.

In the ruling, the Court affirmed the central government’s authority to insist that food safety regulations follow a national trade policy.

The local city councils of Taipei, Taoyuan, Taichung, Chiayi County and Tainan – all of them are governed by the main opposition party, the Kuomintang (KMT) – had adopted a strict “zero tolerance” policy toward imports of US ractopamine-fed pork in protest against the order and the prior decision of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to lift of a longstanding ban of such imports, a move designed to smooth out a stumbling block in US-Taiwan free trade negotiations.

The court ruling is the second defeat for the KMT in a short time. In December, a KMT-led national referendum against the DPP’s policy on US pork imports failed. [Focus Taiwan] [See also AiR No. 1, January/2021, 1, and AiR No. 51, December/2021, 3]

Taiwan: Call for abolition of death penalty

(dql) An international human rights expert panel has urged the Taiwan to cease the practice of capital punishment.

The panel, commissioned by the Taiwanese government to review the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), expressed ’extreme disappointment” over Taiwan’s failure to abolish the death penalty in defiance of persisting calls for such a move.

In response, the government reassured its commitment to “gradually abolishing capital punishment,” while it pointed to “a lack of public consensus on the matter.”

Currently, 38 people are on the death row. The latest execution was in 2020. [Taipei Times]

Taiwan: New financial incentives for military reservists

(dql) In an attempt to make Taiwan’s military reservists’ system more attractive, legislators have approved a motion that will provide financial benefits to reservists starting from their fifth call-up and valid retroactively from January 1.

The incentives include a special bonus for completing five rounds of training as well as a cut in income tax worth 150 percent of their salary during the period of the call-up.

The move is part of Taipei’s efforts to strengthen its reservist system amidst China’s assertive posture in cross-strait relations. In January, a new reservist agency was launched while discharged military personnel were called to return for 14 days of training. [Taiwan News] [See AiR No. 10, March/2022, 2]

Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in South Asia 

Bangladesh: Government suspends foreign tours for officials, defers implementation of large projects

(lm) Bangladesh’s government has decided to temporarily suspend foreign trips of its officials and postponed the implementation of projects relying on heavy imports, as part of its efforts to ensure the financial system has enough liquidity. [South Asia Monitor]

In related developments, the country’s central bank has tightened its curbs for luxury and non-essential import, asking banks to impose at least a 75 percent margin for opening letters of credit for imports of luxury for these items.

Since January this year, the country’s import bills have been soaring due to high commodities prices in the global market, fueled by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, forcing the government and the central bank to intervene.

Bangladesh: No visible progress in Rohingya repatriation, state minister says

(lm) No visible progress has been made in the repatriation of displaced Rohingyas to their homeland Myanmar, Bangladesh’s state minister for disaster management and relief said on May 10 during a press conference with the head of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar, Nicholas Koumjian, and the deputy administrator of USAID, Isobel Coleman. [Dhaka Tribune]

The state minister also said the United Nations (UN) had not started aid work for the Rohingya refugees who have been relocated to Bhashan Char, a remote, flood-prone island in the Bay of Bengal – four months after representatives of the global body had visited Dhaka. The UN agreed to engage in Bhasan Char aid efforts in 2020; around 28,000 refugees have so far been moved to the island. [bdnews24.com]

India: Working Committee of main opposition National Congress party pushes intra party reforms

(rk) The Working Committee (CWC) of India’s main opposition party, the National Congress (INC), has pushed for sweeping intra party reforms, as the top decision-making body concluded a three-day brainstorming session during which former party leader Rahul Gandhi admitted that the INC had lost its “connect” with the people. [The Indian Express 1]

With an eye on the next elections for parliament’s lower house, likely to be held before May 2024, INC President Sonia Gandhi announced on May 15 that the party would hold a pan-Indian agitation on October 2, the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.

Furthermore, for the first time, India’s grand old party decided to allot 50 percent seats to candidates below 50 years of age, starting from the 2024 general elections. The so-called “Nav Sankalp [New Resolution] Declaration” also added that the party will decide on an age cap for candidates for the House of Representatives, state assemblies and other elected posts in the future. [Hindustan Times 1]

Notably, the CWC announced that one family would not get more than one ticket. However, as reported by The Indian Express, the rule will have a caveat that sons, daughters, and other relatives of INC leaders who aspire to contest elections should have worked for the party for at least five years. [Hindustan Times 2] [The Indian Express 2]

Observers in India also pointed at an ambiguity persisting over the INC’s stance vis-à-vis regional parties and alliances. Rahul Gandhi in his speech claimed that regional parties could not beat Prime Minister Modi’s Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), noting that the competition with the ruling party was an “ideological one” – and regional parties, according to Gandhi, “have no ideology”. At the same time, however, the declaration said that Congress is open to alliances with “like-minded” parties. [ThePrint]

India: Supreme Court suspends colonial-era sedition law pending review

(rk) India’s Supreme Court on May 11 put on hold a contentious sedition law that was first enacted by the British colonial rulers in 1890 and was continued by the lawmakers after independence in 1947. Several journalists, politicians and others had filed a series of petitions challenging the law in the top court.

The Supreme Court ordered the central government to ensure that all pending trials, appeals and proceedings with respect to the law are kept in abeyance until a review of the law is completed. It also said federal and state authorities couldn’t levy new charges of sedition against individuals; people charged under the law could seek bail from courts. This is the first time a criminal law has been temporarily frozen by the Indian courts. [CNN]

The law criminalizes any act by words, signs or visible representations that attempts to excite disaffection, hatred or contempt towards the government with provisions of life imprisonment. The broad and vague interpretations of the law, which the court had earlier tried to define, low conviction rate and high pendency of such cases has been criticized by legal experts and human rights defenders.

There were 30 cases of sedition in 2015 and 236 cases of sedition between 2018 and 2020, according to the National Crime Records Bureau. But experts have accused Prime Minister Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party of weaponizing the law to intimidate and silence critics. [BBC] [Deutsche Welle]

Perhaps most notoriously, a young climate activist was detained on sedition charges in February 2021 for creating a toolkit showing people how they could help India's protesting farmers [see AiR No. 9, March/2021, 1]. Last October, three Kashmiri students were detained on sedition charges for celebrating Pakistan's cricket team's victory over India in a T20 World Cup game [see AiR No. 44, November/2021, 1].

India: Delhi court delivers split decision over petitions seeking criminalization of marital rape

(rk) A two-judge bench of the Delhi High Court has delivered a split decision on petitions seeking the criminalization of marital rape in India. While one of the judges held the provision of the country’s rape law that exempts husband from the offence of rape for forcible sex with wife as constitutional, the other found it discriminating against married women who are sexually assaulted by their husband and emphasized on a woman’s consent for sex. [Hindustan Times]

In its 2017 affidavit, the central government had opposed the petitions saying criminalization of marital rape may destabilize the institution of marriage with the potential of becoming a tool of harassment against husbands.

The petitioners have challenged the constitutionality of the marital rape exception under Section 375 IPC (rape) on the ground that it discriminated against married women who are sexually assaulted by their husbands.

The court has asked the petitioners to go to the Supreme Court to pursue the challenge to the relevant provisions.

India: Protests in Kashmir Valley intensify after killing of minority Pandit

(rk/lm) The killing of a member of the Kashmiri Pandits, a small Hindu community native to India’s Muslim-majority Kashmir Valley, has caused massive demonstrations last week, with police responding teargas shells and baton-charges to quell the protests. [South Asia Monitor]

The Pandit employee was shot dead by suspected militants on May 12. The deceased was a government employee appointed under a special package of 2010 to rehabilitate Kashmiri Pandits – who were forced to flee their homes from the Muslim dominated Kashmir in 1990 when terrorism and separatist movement was at its peak - and was killed while working in his office. [The Hindu]

The following day, local police forces foiled a protest march in central Kashmir’s Budgam district.  Demonstrations were also reported from Qazigund, Pulwama, Ganderbal and Baramulla. [The Indian Express]

The lieutenant governor of the Jammu and Kashmir union territory, Manoj Sinha, has ordered a probe into the use of force against the protestors, while a Special Investigation Team has been constituted to investigate the killing.

This is the second stint of targeted killings in the valley since October last year, when militants associated with the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba Islamic group shot dead a Pandit and a Sikh. The two victims were the latest casualties in a spate of civilian killings in the region at that time, all blamed on militant groups. [AiR No. 41, October/2021, 2]

India: Police arrest two after fire in Delhi office block kills 27 people

(rk/lm) Police have arrested two people in connection with a huge fire in a commercial building in the Indian capital, New Delhi, that left at least 27 people dead and dozens more injured. A case of culpable homicide not amounting to murder and a criminal conspiracy that is punishable with life imprisonment or 10 years in jail were registered. [Al Jazeera] [The Guardian]

More than 75 people were in the building when the blaze erupted late on May 13, most of them working as laborers for a router manufacturing company. The building did not have safety clearances from the fire department nor was it equipped with fire-safety equipment

Following the fire, which is being called one of the worst blazes in the capital’s recent history, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a tweet announced an ex gratia to the aggrieved families and the injured. The chief minister of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal, also announced an ex gratia along with a magisterial probe. [ABP Live]

India: Central government to review role of Chief of Defence Staff

(rk) India’s central government will reasses the position of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) as it has an overlap with the work of other posts under the defence ministry, resulting in a delay in the appointment of the next CDS. The post, created in 2019, has been vacant since December of last year, when then CDS General Bipin Rawat died alongside 12 other people in a helicopter crash [see AiR No. 50, December/2021, 2]. [The Hindu]

The incident came as a major blow to India’s long-delayed plans to overhaul its military by establishing a new operating structure consisting of four unified commands – instead of the current 17 single-service commands – by 2024. But the process, which had been led by General Rawat, had expectantly not been a smooth one, with the Indian Air Force opposing the formation of unified theater commands citing limitation of resources. [AiR No. 39, September/2021, 4]

India: Country's largest IPO eases government's disinvestment target

(rk) India's biggest initial public offering of the state-owned insurance group has raised USD 2.7 billion till now. It is about one-third of the government’s disinvestment target of USD 8.5 billion for the current fiscal. However, experts have flagged the stalled disinvestment plans of various other public sector units that may lead to the government again falling short of its target like the previous fiscal. [The Hindu]

India: Retail inflation in April jumps to almost 8 year high

(rk) For the fourth month in a row, retail inflation in April has been recorded past the inflation target of India’s central bank, at 7.79%. A surge in fuel and vegetable prices has contributed to the sharp rise in retail inflation. The Russia-Ukraine war, Covid induced lockdowns in China and interest rate hikes by the United States Federal Reserve are some of the global factors that led to the rise. [The Indian Express] [Firstpost]

Nepal: Ruling Nepali Congress party leads in local election vote count; opposition claims polls rigged

(lm) Nepal held elections to fill more than 35,000 local and executive seats on May 13, with nearly 18 million eligible voters choosing from more than 145,000 candidates. At the time of writing on May 17, the Nepali Congress (NC) party of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba has secured 46 mayor’s offices out of the 735 posts that are currently being contested. Nepal’s main opposition party, the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (CPN (UML)), was so far able to secure 42 seats. [Asian News International] [The Himalayan Times]

A total of 79 political parties was contesting the local polls. Parties forming the country’s ruling five-party coalition – the NC, the CPN (Maoist Centre), the CPN (Unified Socialist), the People's Socialist Party, and Rastriya Janamorcha – had allied in the leadup to the elections. The CPN (UML), in turn, had teamed up with three fringe political parties. Trailing behind in the vote count, the CPN (UML) on May 14 accused the ruling alliance of rigging the local elections and urged the Election Commission (EC) to hold re-elections.

Though the ruling coalition planned to forge an electoral alliance in all local units, the parties succeeded in doing so in not more than 60 percent of the constituencies. In light of this, many active members of the ruling alliance failed to contest the local elections, resulting in an unprecedented number of rebel candidates. The NC expelled all those rebel candidates from the party who refused to withdraw their candidacy.

Last week’s elections were the second such polls since the promulgation of the constitution in 2015. The EC recently announced its decision to allow Nepali citizens to register on the voters’ list before they turn 18 and to vote as long as they are 18 years old on Election Day. The EC estimates that, because of this decision, about 200,000 more young Nepalis were able to cast ballots in the 2022 elections [see AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1]. [International Foundation for Electoral Systems]

Pakistan: Government ramps up security for former Prime Minister Khan after assassination plot claim

(ha) Pakistan’s government ordered enhanced personal security for former Prime Minister Imran Khan on April 16, two days after he repeated his claim at a massive rally that there was a plot to assassinate him. [Associated Press] [Voice of America]

Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party has organized massive anti-government rallies across the country since he last month, when he was ousted by the opposition through a parliamentary no-confidence vote and replaced by Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif [see AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2]. In his speech at the rally in Punjab province on May 14, Khan did not elaborate on the alleged plot against him but claimed he had recorded a video message detailing it all. [Dawn]

Pakistan: Former Punjab governor seeks treason case against Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif

(fq) The former governor of Pakistan’s Punjab province, Omer Sarfraz Cheema, has announced that he will approach the local courts to register a high treason case against Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif for alleged abuse of power. [Dawn] [ThePrint]

A founding member of the opposition Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf party, Cheema was appointed as governor of Punjab just days before then Prime Minister Imran Khan was ousted by the opposition through a parliamentary no-confidence vote. [ AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2].

In light the ouster, Cheema refused to swear in Punjab’s new chief minister, the son of Prime Minister Sharif, Hamza Shehbaz, forcing the Lahore High Court to step in [see AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1]. He was finally de-notified as Governor of Punjab earlier this month and replaced by another candidate for the post from the now ruling PML-N party.

Pakistan: Government cracks down on social media users amid anti-army discourse

(fq) Pakistan's premier investigative agency is reportedly detaining people accused of disseminating allegedly provocative online content against the country's powerful military, in what the government says is a coordinated campaign by the country’s ousted prime minister, Imran Khan. [Nikkei Asia]

Khan was widely believed to have been brought in power by Pakistan’s military. However, the Army repeatedly  announced its intent to remain neutral in the leadup to the no-confidence vote in parliament that ended Khan's almost four years in power on April 10 [see AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2]. The military establishment also later dismissed Khan’s assertions that he was the victim of a United States-led conspiracy, and described his visit to Russia in February as “embarrassing”.

In response, supporters of the ousted premier have begun fiercely criticizing army chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa on social media for not restraining lawmakers of the then ruling party from switching loyalties, allegedly in exchange for bribes. [Asian News International] [Dawn]

In light of this, in a statement released on May 15, the army took aim at what it called “intensified and deliberate” attempts of politicizing of the institution, adding that it had taken a "strong exception" to dragging its name into the ongoing political discourse. [South Asia Monitor]

Pakistan: Court orders intelligence agency not to arrest TV journalist

(ha) A high court in the Pakistani capital Islamabad has restrained the country’s Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) or any other authority from arresting a prominent journalist who is accused of spreading fake news and hate content on social media against the military. [see also entry above]

The high court also summoned the director of the FIA’s Cyber Crimes Wing (CCW) for the next hearing and advised that the agency should inform the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists about the case before arresting the journalist. [Associated Press] [Dawn] [The News]

Pakistan: Extreme heatwave causes acute water shortage

(fq) Against the larger backdrop of early summer heatwaves, Pakistan is facing a 38 percent shortage of water needed for irrigation purposes amid the sowing season of major crops in a country where agriculture accounts for about 40 percent of the workforce.

According to the Indus River System Authority (IRSA), the water regulating and monitoring authority in Pakistan, the water shortage is severely affecting the two major crop producing provinces of Punjab and Sindh. The IRSA also informed that April 2022 was the driest month Pakistan had faced since 1961, with 74 percent below average rainfall across the country [Geo News]

Pakistan: Acute water shortage causes deadly cholera outbreak

(fq) A deadly cholera outbreak linked to contaminated drinking water has infected thousands of people in Pakistan as the country grapples with water shortages exacerbated by furnace-like temperatures in South Asia.

Cholera cases were first identified in a remote town in the southwestern province of Balochistan last month. Since then, more than 2,400 people have been infected and seven have died, according to local health officials.[CNN] [La Prensa Latina]

In light of this, locals have been protesting for days, blocking a road leading to a major oil and gas facility. The protestors accuse the federal government and local administration of inaction, and of understating the actual number of people affected by the outbreak.[Dawn 1] [Dawn 2]

In response, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Shahbaz announced “emergency relief measures” on May 16 to curb the cholera outbreak and the military has been called in to help provide mobile water tanks to ensure clean drinking water gets to the population and set up medical camps to treat the sick. [Dawn 3]

Pakistan: Third polio case detected in North Waziristan

(ha) Pakistan’s health authorities last week confirmed the third polio case this year after nearing disease-eradication with no case for at least 15 months. Alarmingly, the provincial Emergency Operation Centre confirmed that the child was neither vaccinated against polio, nor he received any doses of essential immunization. [Gulf News]

In 2022, five cases of polio have been reported across the world so far – three from Pakistan, one from Afghanistan and one from Malawi. All three cases in Pakistan have been reported in North Waziristan, the mountainous region bordering Afghanistan, where vaccination campaigns are treated with suspicion and refusal is common. [AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4]

In light of this, the next vaccination campaign is planned to be conducted from later this month in which over 24 million children will be vaccinated. [Aaj TV]

Pakistan: Taliban extend truce in to hold peace talks with federal government

(fq) A ceasefire reached between the Pakistan Army and the proscribed Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) on the account of Eid al-Fitr has been extended by another five days last week to allow for peace negotiations. In light of this, the terrorist outfit has warned its fighters from violating the orders and avoid confrontation with security forces until further orders. [Dawn] [The Express Tribune]

The development comes after an assembly of local leaders in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa formed a 35-member committee to broker talks between the Pakistani military – represented by the commander of the XI Corps, Faiz Hameed –  and the TTP. According to people familiar with the matter, the peace talks were facilitated by the Afghan Taliban - a claim that the government in Islamabad has not commented on. [The Express Tribune]

This is not the first time that the federal government and the insurgent group engaged in talks. Last year, the administration of former Prime Minister Imran Khan also held negotiations with the militant group and achieved a ceasefire arrangement, which collapsed in December [see AiR No. 50, December/2021, 2]. The TTP has since claimed responsibility for a number of armed incidents in which Pakistani forces were killed in large numbers.

This April, in a major escalation, Pakistan carried out coordinated airstrikes inside Afghanistan at suspected TTP locations but ended up killing civilians. In response, the Afghan Taliban summoned Islamabad’s envoy in Kabul and the group’s defense minister, Mullah Yaqub, threatened retaliation in case of more attacks, albeit without naming Pakistan. For its part, Pakistan lodged the strongest protest to date on the use of Afghan territory by terrorist groups and indicated that it may engage in cross-border action again. [AiR No. 16, April/2022, 3]

Pakistan: Gunmen kill two members of minority Sikh community in Peshawar

(ha) Two traders belonging to Pakistan’s minority Sikh community were gunned down in an incident of targeted killing in the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, on May 15. There was no immediate claim of responsibility. [Al Jazeera] [Stars and Stripes, $]

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif condemned the killing and directed police to arrest the killers and ensure security for minorities. The chief minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mahmood Khan, declared the incident a conspiracy to destabilize inter-faith harmony, while the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan demanded prompt identification and arresting of the perpetrators. [Dawn] [The News]

Across the border, the chief minister of India’s Punjab state – the heart of the country’s Sikh community – also condemned the incident and called on external affairs minister S Jaishankar to speak to Islamabad to ensure security of the Sikhs. [Tribune India]

Pakistan: Attacks on security forces kill 6 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 1 in Sindh provinces

 (fq/ha) A suicide bombing in Pakistan’s restrive province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa killed three security personals and three children near the border with Afghanistan on May 15. There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack. [Geo News] [Voice of America]

In a separate incident, a roadside bomb exploded in the southern city of Karach, killing a passerby and injuring another 13 on May 12. The target of the explosion was apparently the police van that was passing nearby the market. The Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army (SRA), a dissident faction fighting for independence in the province of Sindh, claimed responsibility for the attack. [Associated Press] [Dawn] [Gulf News]

Karachi has been experiencing an increase in militancy. Last month, three Chinese teachers and their Pakistani driver were killed in suicide bombing near the entrance of Karachi University's Confucius Institute. Beijing strongly condemned the attack and demanded punishment of the culprits as well as insurance of security of Chinese nationals present in the country. [AiR, No. 18, May/2022, 1]

Sri Lanka: ‘Most difficult months of our lives’ ahead, new Prime Minister Wickremesinghe warns

(chm/lm) Sri Lanka’s new prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe, has warned that “the next couple of months will be the most difficult ones of our lives”, as the crisis-hit nation is down to its last day of petrol.

In a televised address – his first since he was appointed prime minister on May 12 – Wickremesinghe said the country urgently needed USD 75 million in foreign exchange to pay for essential imports. He also said the country will print more money and proposed to privatise Sri Lanka's state-owned airline to keep the economy afloat – though he conceded that inflation may worsen in the short term. [BBC] [The Guardian]

Wickremesinghe assumed office days after Mahinda Rajapaksa stepped down from the role after fighting between his supporters and anti-government demonstrators killed nine people and wounded 300 [see AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]. It was Mahinda’s brother, Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, who appointed the opposition lawmaker as the interim prime minister with the task of overseeing a cross-party government. [South China Morning Post]

Over the weekend, the new prime minister was able two secure crucial support from two main opposition parties – the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) – resulting in the swearing in of four ministers, all members of the Sri Lanka Podu Jana Peramuna (SLPP) party run by the Rajapaksa brothers. Prior to this, an SJB veteran lawmaker had publicly rejected an overture to take charge of the finance ministry and announced he would not support any political settlement that left President Rajapaksa in place. [The Straits Times 1] [The Straits Times 2]

In the absence of a finance minister, Wickremesinghe himself is expected to lead the portfolio. Other opposition members have also offered conditional assistance to the new prime minister to help formulate a legitimate solution to the economic crisis. Wickremesinghe already held talks with the World Bank and Asian Development Bank representatives to discuss issues of fertiliser, medicine, food, and fuel supply.

But protesters have said they will keep up their campaign as long as Gotabaya Rajapaksa remains president, while also labelling Wickremesinghe a stooge. [CNN]

Constitutional Law and –Politics, Human Rights and National Security in Southeast Asia 

Cambodia: King encourages citizens to vote freely in upcoming commune election

(pw) King Norodom Sihamoni encouraged the Cambodian citizens to vote for a political party only according to their personal preference and disregarding any political intimidation or repression during the forthcoming commune elections on June 5. The King’s statement has been endorsed by all ruling and opposition parties.                                                            

The remark supposedly refers to the last general election in 2018, when opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party’s (CNRP) members purportedly boycotted the electoral campaign after the party was banned by the Supreme Court in 2017 for allegedly plotting against the Hun Sen government. Sam Rainsy, the former CNRP leader, was adjudged guilty of lèse-majesté. The so-called Clean Finger Campaign led by CNRP activists, asked people not to cast their votes.

Following the King’s announcement, the opposition Candlelight Party’s (CP) urged everyone to comply with the King’s hopes, claiming that there should be greater official efforts to stop the intimidation, repression, and violence against the political activists.

In the same context, local government officials have been accused of coercing opposition members to switch sides, purchasing votes, and utilizing government assets to the CPP’s benefit. The CPP has asked the opposition to substantiate such allegations.

Meanwhile, the National Election Commission (NEC) banned over 100 opposition candidates from participating in the June 5 commune election. The NEC affirmed that its delisting of those candidates was in accordance with the facts and law. Also, arbitrary arrests, attacks, and one alleged killing of a CP activist were reported.  [Khmer Times] [AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4] [AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1]

Cambodia: Speculation on resumption of dialogue between the ruling party and former opposition party dismissed

(pw) After Prime Minister Hun Sen had a meeting with former opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party’s (CNRP) leader, Kem Sokha, the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) dispelled rumors that it is resuming talks with the defunct CNRP mentioning the meeting as a “courtesy call.” The CPP added that the “Culture of Dialogue” between both sides is over and accused former CNRP leader Sam Rainsy of ruining such efforts by criticizing the CPP and Sen after having talks with him in 2015.

In 2014, Sen and Rainsy initiated talks in which the opposition would drop its alleged boycott of the National Assembly after the 2013 General Election. However, the political antagonism between both sides caused the dialogue to end in 2015. Still, Sokha met with Sen in 2020 and 2022. [Khmer Times] 

The Cambodian government has indicted Rainsy and Sokha for treason for allegedly plotting with foreign powers to overthrow Sen’s government. Rainsy is currently in exile, while Sokha is undergoing a trial after his arrest in 2017. [AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2] [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]

Cambodia: Draft passed to increase the number of council members  

(pw) The lower house of Cambodia’s parliament has voted in favor of an amendment to Article 140 of the Law on the Administration of Capital, Province, City, and District, which would add more council members in each district, city, and province, including Phnom Penh. The Cambodian Senate is expected to vote on this draft in the future. The authorities believed that the changes brought by this bill would enhance local administration and democracy. [Khmer Times] [AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4]

Cambodia: Former opposition leader refuses to answer questions in treason trial

(pw) During a hearing of his treason trial, former opposition leader Kem Sokha did not answer most of the prosecutor’s questions concerning the 2013 General Election and the alleged misconduct. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Hun Sen asserted that government authorities did not insist that Sokha was working with the United States to depose his government. Rather, he claimed that Sokha incriminated himself of such collaboration in a video clip published on the internet.

Sokha mentioned that talks about the conflict after the 2013 General Election in the trial have to stop as the ruling Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) and his Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) have already struck a deal to end their disputes. 

Additionally, Sokha’s complaints of being asked about the same topics were echoed by his attorney, who claimed that the video evidence in the trial had been doctored with false dates and locations. Meanwhile, another lawyer believed that the aforementioned statements made by Sen were adequate to exonerate Sokha of his treason charges.

Sokha was apprehended in 2017 for ostensibly scheming with foreign powers to topple Sen’s government.  Sokha’s lawyers have attempted to ask the court to summon foreign witnesses, but this was denied on the grounds of diplomatic immunity. Previously, Sokha’s hearing was delayed by the court. It is expected that the next hearing will commence on May 18. If Sokha is found guilty, he will be jailed for 15 to 30 years. [Khmer Times 1] [Khmer Times 2] [The Phnom Penh Post 1] [The Phnom Penh Post 2] [AiR No. 19 May/2022, 2] 

Cambodia: Lawyer summoned on detention appeal of opposition party founder on trial for forgery

(pw) The Phnom Penh Municipal Court summoned the defense attorney of Seam Pluk, the founder of the opposition Cambodia National Heart Party (CNHP), who is on trial on forgery charges, over an appeal to free his defendant from detention. The lawyer has called for the man’s release alleging that the authorities’ apprehension and detention of Pluk were disproportionate, politically motivated, and unjustified. He has also stated that Pluk’s arrest was premature and that his detention should be brief as his trial is still ongoing. 

It has been acknowledged that Pluk has supported the main opposition Candlelight Party. Recently, the authorities have arrested and indicted him for allegedly registering his CNHP with fake thumbprints. On March 2, the Interior Ministry deregistered the CNHP. [The Phnom Penh Post] [AiR No. 18 May/2022, 1]

Cambodia: Former soldier throws shoe at Prime Minister Hun Sen

(pw) A former Cambodian soldier residing in the United States threw a shoe at Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen while he was waiting to attend the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)–US Special Summit in Washington DC. Sen was unscathed. 

According to the attacker, his actions paled compared to Sen’s alleged role in the 1997 Grenade Attack on nonviolent demonstrators, which killed 16 persons and injured another 150. Furthermore, he called Sen “a dictator” who has caused the deaths of several people, including his family members.

A similar event happened in 2017 when an opposition activist threw a shoe at a sign with Sen’s picture and posted her actions on social media, resulting in her incarceration. Opposition activists in Cambodia have often been subject to government crackdowns, such as being beaten, charged with treason, or arbitrarily detained. [Radio Free Asia] [The Phnom Penh Post] [AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1]

Indonesia: President promulgates sexual violence bill

(bs) On May 9, Indonesian President Joko Widodo signed and promulgated a bill that criminalizes sexual violence, Law No. 12 of 2022, after it was passed by the House of Representatives on April 12. The bill has officially come into force from its promulgation date.

The law consists of 93 articles and aims at preventing all forms of sexual violence by assisting, protecting, and helping the recovery of victims, enforcing punishments, and rehabilitating perpetrators. It also establishes sanctions including jail terms, fines, and funds for the victims. In one example, the law introduces a 12-year jail term for “crimes of physical sexual abuse, both in marriage and outside, 15 years for sexual exploitation, nine years for forced marriage, which includes child marriage, and four years for circulating non-consensual sexual content.” 

The bill was pending a decision since 2016 due to the opposition of several Muslim conservative groups. The Muslim community has a major influence on Indonesian politics as the country has the world’s largest Muslim population. [AiR No. 16, April/2022, 3] [Tempo]

Indonesia: Farmers protest over palm oil export ban

(bs) Protests against the palm oil export ban rallied in the Indonesian capital Jakarta. Hundreds of farmers gathered, calling for the government to lift the ban. The income of citizens has been harshly affected by the export restrictions of palm oil as Indonesia is the world's top palm oil exporter. 

The country imposed a full ban on crude palm oil and its derivative on April 28, leading to a rapid rise in the price of cooking oil and a decrease in local farmers’ income as the price of palm fruit dropped 70 percent under the floor price regulated on a local level. Over 25 percent of palm oil factories have halted their purchases of palm fruit from independent farmers according to smallholder farmer's group APKASINDO. Nonetheless, the Indonesian government reported that its intention was to ensure that domestic customers will not be affected by the increasingly higher global market price. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2] [Bangkok Post] 

Indonesia: President issues regulation on industrial development 

(bs) Indonesia President Joko Widodo issued a presidential regulation on the 2020-2024 national industrial policy, which is a derivative of the Law on Industry and Government Regulation on the 2015-2035 National Industrial Development Master Plan. Local administrations are thus required to draft sectoral policies and plans for regional industrial development that align with the Presidential Regulation. [Tempo] 

Laos: Fuel shortage exacerbates country’s economic crisis

(pw) As the international price of oil increases from the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, Laos is experiencing a fuel deficiency with only 20 million liters of fuel being brought into Laos monthly, short of the 120 million liters monthly required for the entire country. 

This lack of fuel is expected to worsen the Lao economy further, which is already experiencing financial challenges. Previously, the government has tried to prevent a fuel scarcity by cutting its excise taxes on diesel and gasoline nearly by half and urging the people to do their best to minimize fuel usage.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had drastic effects on Laos’s economy causing it to exhaust its foreign reserves and become mired in a foreign debt crisis. It has incurred a sovereign debt amounting to USD 13.3 billion, which is primarily attributed to infrastructure programs, especially the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects. 

Since 2018, economists have been worried about Laos’s foreign debt, and in 2020, international credit rating agencies drastically lowered Laos’s credit ratings due to concerns over the precariousness of government liquidity. The Lao Finance Minister mentioned in December 2021 that there is a pressing government demand for USD 1.8 billion to remedy the country’s predicted financial deficit and pay off loans within 2021. [The Diplomat]

Malaysia: Federal Court to table constitutionality questions on alleged separation of powers violations and independence of the judiciary

(bs/dvr) On June 23, the Federal Court will discuss a number of questions of law, including the entitlement of law enforcement agencies to carry out investigations and the entitlement of the public prosecutor to frame charges against serving superior court judges. 

The move came after two lawyers and an activist filed a petition against the potential unconstitutionality of the investigative powers of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) in a case involving judge Nazlan Mohd Ghazali, a superior court judge. According to the petitioners, under the Federal Constitution, investigative institutions such as the MACC are not empowered to investigate judges of superior courts unless they are suspended from their office. They also argued that the public prosecutor is not entitled to any involvement in proceedings regarding the alleged violations by serving judges of a superior court. The group requested the court decide on various matters including the alleged violation of the independence of the judiciary by the MACC, the separation of powers by leading the investigations on Ghazali, and whether the public prosecutor is empowered to conduct proceedings against serving judges of the superior courts. [Free Malaysia Today] 

Nazlan was the judge who sentenced former prime minister (PM) Najib Razak in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) corruption scandal. In 2016, the United States Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the fund, set up in 2009 by the former PM, for allegedly stealing USD 3.5 billion from 1MDB. The Malay government and 1MDB also filed a lawsuit in May 2021 against Najib, who faced 25 charges of abuse of power and money laundering for purportedly taking possession of 1MDB funds between 2011 and 2014. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2] 

Malaysia: Anti-party hopping law to be tabled in July amid contrasting opinions

(bs) The Malaysian lawmakers are expected to decide whether to pass the anti-party hopping bill in the next sitting from July 18 to August 4.

Politicians and experts have brought contrasting opinions on the matter. According to a member of the parliament (MP), the anti-hopping law would help end the abuse of power by MPs for personal gains. In contrast, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)’s secretary-general referred at party-hopping as a practice created “in the interest of the people,” and as thus it should be maintained.

Moreover, critics voiced their opposite views over the eventual passing of the anti-party hopping law in parliament. While some are confident that such reform would restore public faith in the national electoral and political system, while others argue that prohibiting internal moves in parliament will force lawmakers to face restrictions on freedom of expression as they will be required to align with their party’s view. 

Although Malay courts have repeatedly upheld the principle of freedom of association in the past, the need to protect and maintain parliamentary majorities led the government to consider amending Article 10 of the Constitution, which governs freedom of speech, assembly and association. The move would ensure that a frequent party-hopping would cause continuous dissolutions of the Cabinet. [Statecraft] [Free Malaysia Today] [Malay Mail] [Malaysian Bar] 

Malaysia: UMNO constitutional amendment to postpone party election unanimously approved

(bs) Members of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), a major Malay political party, have unanimously voted in favor to the party’s constitutional amendment that would allow to postpone UMNO’s elections up to six months after the national general election or up to 18 months from the end of the party’s leadership term. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaakob assured that such decision would not affect the date of the upcoming 15th general election, which is yet to be determined by the government upon release of a Cabinet’s decision.

UMNO’s election was originally scheduled for June 30, 2021, but it was postponed because of the outbreak of a world health pandemic. In March, the UMNO’s General Assembly passed a motion to postpone the party elections amidst concerns over it being a potential cause of disunity within the party ahead of the general election. [Free Malaysia Today] [The Star] 

Malaysia: Government urged to introduce law on media workers protection

(bs) A media rights group urged the Malaysian government to introduce a law protecting media workers following a case of alleged harassment by a security guard against two reporters while pursuing a news story. Following the event, the case was filed but the police immediately classified it as “no further action (NFA)” for a lack criminal offense. 

The group claimed that a new law should be introduced to criminally punish any obstruction of the media while carrying out their duties. [Free Malaysia Today] 

Malaysia: Major oil and gas company on the verge of bankruptcy without government support

(bs) In a 90-minute debate on May 12, Malaysia’s opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim and former prime minister Najib Razak discussed whether to provide support to Sapura Energy Berhad, a Malaysian integrated oil and gas services company as part of the plan to enhance the country’s economy and politics.

While Najib voiced his support for the bailout, Anwar adopted a different approach by proposing a forensic audit to reveal the causes of the company’s mismanagement before any government intervention. Najib added that since Sapura Energy was formally the second biggest oil and gas company in the world and is owned by a government-linked investment company, it is crucial that all stakeholders including the Malaysian government cooperate to rescue the company from bankruptcy. His main suggestions are that Petronas, also known as Petroliam Nasional Berhad, a national oil and gas company, takes over Sapura Energy or that the Malay government guarantees bank loans to the company.

In March, Sapura Energy announced an RM8.9 billion (USD 2 billion) loss within a year. Being it one of the most challenging years in financial terms in the company’s history.

Malaysia: Teen mother charged with murder over death of child born from rape attack

(bs) A case of infanticide that ended with a murder sentence to a 15-year-old mother sparked critics among rights groups and experts over the alleged legal gap in Malaysia that allowed the judge to disregard facts such as the age of the mother and that she was a rape victim. 

The young woman was charged with murder for allegedly killing her newborn baby, reportedly born as a consequence of a rape attack. She was arrested in February and held in custody while still receiving post-natal treatment. A week later she appeared in court where she was charged with murder and was rejected bail three weeks later. 

In Malaysia murder is among the crimes that can be punished with death penalty. However, minors who are found guilty are incarcerated for a period defined by the king. Human rights experts argued that the girl should have been charged with infanticide rather than murder, a crime that carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in jail. Under Article 309A of the Penal Code, “when any woman by any willful act or omission causes the death of her newly-born child, but at the time of the act or omission she had not fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to such child, and by reason thereof the balance of her mind was then disturbed, she shall, notwithstanding that the circumstances were such that but for this section the offence would have amounted to murder, be guilty of the offence of infanticide.”

The case brought up several political and legal issues that have affected the country for decades such as high rate of teen pregnancies, child marriage, restrictive reproductive laws, and statutory rape. In Malaysia, abortion is banned even in case of child rape or incest. The only case of legal abortion is when a health professional diagnoses a high-risk pregnancy with danger for the mother’s physical or mental health.

According to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), between 207 and 2017 there were 14,999 cases of child marriage in Malaysia. The majority of the reported cases involved Muslim children. Malaysia has a dual legal system where national and Islamic laws are equally applicable. Whereas under civil law, 18 is the minimum age for marriage and 16 is the minimum age of consent, Islamic law courts can permit younger ages for both marriage and consent. According to a UNICEF report on child marriage, “in Malaysia child marriage has been utilized as a way out for perpetrators hoping to avoid prosecution by marrying their victims.” [Aljazeera] [UNICEF]  

Myanmar: Ousted deputy governor of Central Bank faces corruption charges

(cmsk/bs) The Myanmar Anti-Corruption Commission has filed corruption charges against Dr. Bo Bo Nge, the ousted and detained deputy governor of the national Central Bank. The commission alleges Nge’s violation of Section 55 of the anti-corruption law for having caused the state loss of around USD 600,000 in tax revenues by performing poorly in monitoring the foreign exchange management, the banking sector, and accounting departments. He allegedly failed to collect taxes on donations to nonprofits from George Soros’ Open Society Foundation, the world's largest private funder of independent groups operating for justice, democracy, and human rights.

Nge was arrested on February 1, 2021, the same day the military took power by ousting the civilian government and arresting hundreds of people. His family has not informed of Nge’s whereabouts or his health conditions. According to an official of the ousted National League for Democracy (NLD) government, the arbitrary detention of several experts and diplomats, including Nge, that followed the 2021 coup, was unfair and politically motivated.

The man was previously incarcerated for his activism against the military regime between 1990 and 2000. Once released, he fled to the United States. Nge returned to Myanmar in 2016, after the NLD government won the 2015 general elections. 

Since the 2021 coup, the anti-corruption law has been routinely used to place charges and give lengthy sentences, particularly to political opponents. Fourteen ousted leaders were sentenced on corruption charges in the month of April alone. [The Irrawaddy] [Myanmar Now]

Myanmar: Military-backed political party prepares for 2023 elections

(cmsk) The Myanmar military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) held its central executive committee meeting in preparation for a June conference during which a new party’s president is expected to be elected for a five-year term.  The USDP is also preparing for the national elections scheduled for 2023. [The Irrawaddy]

Myanmar: Buddhist monks criticized for attending military-organized religious celebrations

(cmsk/ny) More than ten thousand Buddhist monks gathered in Mandalay, in Central Myanmar, to celebrate a religious ceremony in a junta-organized event. However, the attendance of monks was denounced by the Sangha Mandalay monk group which said monks should refrain from joining in the food donation event. Prior to the coup in 2021, the event had at least 130,000 monks in attendance. 

While a Buddhist monastic code prohibits monks from participating in political activities, including voting, monks in Myanmar appear to be politically divided between the military coup and the current situation in the country.  [Bangkok Post] [The Irrawaddy]

Myanmar: Armed clashes continue between military troops and resistance forces

(cmsk/ny) Myanmar's internal conflicts between the military regime forces and resistance groups have continued to leave over 100 deaths among civilians and armed forces fighters. All regions across Myanmar have witnessed fighting, airstrikes, arson, and violent attacks. The ongoing clashes led thousands of people to flee their villages. [The Irrawaddy 1] [The Irrawaddy 2] [Myanmar Now 1]

Between May 10 and 17, junta soldiers have reportedly used more than 100 civilians, including minors, as porters and human shields after abducting them from several villages along the western bank of the Salween River. [Myanmar Now 2] [The Irrawaddy] [Myanmar Now] [Myanmar Now 3] 

Since the 2021 coup, junta forces allegedly killed at least 155 civilians and arrested 683 others in the central Magway Region. More than 2,100 houses were also reportedly destroyed by arson over the same period. The assaults and fighting in the region have led to large-scale displacement. Nonetheless, the armed opposition troops claim that they are gaining significant territory in the region despite the military’s assaults. [Radio Free Asia]

Myanmar: State Administration Council plans to discuss federalism with Ethnic Armed Organizations

(cmsk/ny) Chairman of the Myanmar State Administration Council Min Aung Hlaing announced the intention to discuss federalism during the upcoming talks between the military regime and Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). 

In early May, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), and EAO, rejected the invitation to join peace talks with the Myanmar military authorities claiming that the group would participate “only when all relevant stakeholders are able to discuss the country’s issues in an equal manner.” Analysts believe the reference to be to Myanmar’s parallel National Unity Government (NUG) and its armed wing, the People’s Defense Force (PDF), which were not invited despite being reportedly responsible for 70 percent of the armed resistance across the country. The NUG’s acting president voiced concerns over the meeting being ineffective. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2] 

To date, only five out of ten EAOs who are signatories to the 2015 Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) will attend meetings with the military administration. [Radio Free Asia] [Mizzima] 

Conflicts between the regime and EAOs have been ongoing since Myanmar's independence in 1948.

The Philippines: Duterte begins presidential administration transition, urges successor to amend 1987 Constitution

(db/dvr) Following the landslide victories of Marcos Jr. and Sara Duterte, President Duterte has signed Administrative Order (AO) No. 47 to create a Presidential Transition Committee (PTC) for the new government administration. 

With 94.4 percent of the votes counted, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., son of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos who was ousted in 1986 after 14 years of martial law, has been declared the winner of the May 9 presidential election with 58.9 percent of the vote. . Sarah Duterte, Marcos Jr.’s running mate and daughter of current President Rodrigo Duterte, led the vice-presidential tally with 61.08 percent of the votes. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2] [The Diplomat]

The committee, along with the Office of the Cabinet Secretariat and the Presidential Management Staff, will ensure and coordinate a smooth transition between the current and the new administrations, including all executive departments, government agencies, bureaus, government-owned/controlled corporations, and other instruments of government. The committee will also oversee the preparation and implementation of transitional activities of all government agencies to maintain government-provided services. [GMA News 1] [Politiko] 

Furthermore, partner organizations and election watchdogs will team up with the Commission on Elections (Comelec) to conduct random manual audits (RMA) of votes, to ensure that vote-counting machines (VCMs) have been accurate. This comes as a result of allegations of poll fraud and protesters rejecting the Marcos-Duterte victory. The RMA will investigate whether the VCMs that malfunctioned during election day registered the ballots. A spokesperson for the RMA team says there will be no human intervention or bias as the checks will be random [Philstar] [GMA News 2]. The RMA will last 45 days, and its results will be compared to the automated election system to determine discrepancies and hopefully ease doubts about poll rigging. [Rappler]

Moreover, soon after the victory of Marcos Jr., President Rodrigo Duterte expressed his hopes that the newly elected president will promptly take the initiative to amend the 1987 Constitution to lift the restrictive economic provisions and implement a shift to a parliamentary system and federal form of government. He encourages the next president to do it as soon as he assumes the presidency on June 30.

Duterte also encourages the next president to consider abolishing the country’s party-list system which requires that if a party-list group wins at least two percent of the total number of votes cast, they will gain at least one seat in Congress. In the lower house, nine party-list groups have secured seats by receiving more than two percent of the votes required. While originally created for underrepresented groups/sectors to be involved in law-making, the party-list system has been called out for being used as a legal front for the Communist Party of the Philippines and for being significantly influenced by the current administration and other political clans. [GMA News 3]

The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)’s political wing, the National Democratic Front, is labeled a terrorist organization by the Anti-Terrorism Council. The CPP’s armed wing New People’s Army is also considered a terrorist group by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. [Philippine News Agency]

The Philippines: Vice President Robredo leads volunteer movement after election defeat 

(db) During an event on May 13, Vice President Leni Robredo announced the creation of her NGO ‘Angat Buhay’ which is named after the anti-poverty and pandemic response program that she ran during her six-year term and will continue the hundreds of volunteer groups called “pink revolution” that characterized her presidential campaign. She also reiterated her commitment to fighting disinformation and fake news across the country. [Rappler] 

The Philippines: Leaders of communist party armed wing killed in conflict with government troops

(db/dvr) On May 12, two leaders of the New People’s Army (NPA), the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)’s armed wing, were killed in armed combats with troops from the government’s infantry unit. Several rifles were recovered from the fight were. The incident happened after a prior encounter with the group in the same municipality on May 9, during the national election. [Manila Bulletin] [Philippines News]

Singapore: United Nations experts urge Singapore to revise death penalty in line with international law

(bs) A group of United Nations (UN) human rights experts urged the Singaporean government to impose a moratorium on the use of the death penalty effective immediately. They added that the use of such a practice for drug-related crimes is in violation of international law. The experts also asked the government to review the scope of the death penalty.

The group specifically referred to the latest executions carried out in Singapore between March and April involving drug-related offenders, one of them being allegedly mentally disabled and  victim to human trafficking which contributed to the man’s mental health deterioration over the years leading him to become unable to fully understand the severity of his actions. The execution of a mentally disabled man is “a violation of the right to life and the right to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and amount to unlawful killings,” according to the UN experts.

Another man is currently on death row for similar offenses. He was arrested for trafficking 44.96 grams of drugs from Malaysia and sentenced to capital punishment in May 2015. The original execution date was April 29, but he was granted a stay of three weeks ending May 20. The group called for the immediate halt of his execution and to commute the sentence to prison terms.

Singapore was called out and condemned for its drug-related executions because, according to international law, “States that have not yet abolished the death penalty may only impose it for the most serious crimes.” Drug-related offenses do not amount to “most serious crimes” by international standards.

The experts concluded by saying: “We reiterate that the mandatory use of the death penalty constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of life since it is imposed without any possibility of taking into account the defendant’s personal circumstances or the circumstances of the particular offense.” [OHCHR] 

Thailand: Lazada advertisement disapproved by Chinese Embassy 

(aph) Following Lazada’s release of a controversial advertisement promotion on May 5, the Chinese embassy in Bangkok announced its disapproval on its Facebook page. The advertisement has sparked a public backlash as the video was criticized for allegedly mocking the disabled. According to the critics, the wheelchair-bound character in the promotion campaign seemed to wear clothing that resembled that of the royal family, which led some to believe it was a reference to the royals. The Chinese-owned e-commerce company Lazada, a daughter company of Alibaba, and the media agency Intersect Design Factory Co have apologized for the video. [Bangkok Post 1] 

This follows Prime Minister Prayut's sharing his disapproval during a news conference at the Government House on May 10. The government directed relevant agencies to analyze and gather evidence from all internet platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, to request that the 42 URLs detected so far be removed. He said the platforms had been requested to delete or prevent access, and that if they refused, the ministry would seek judicial orders. [Bangkok Post 2] [BBC, in Thai] 

Thailand: Ruling party denies claims of influencing Thai Economic Party

(aph) Prawit Wongsuwon, Deputy Prime Minister and head of the ruling Palang Pracharath Party (PPRP), has denied attempting to exert influence on the Setthakij Thai Party (Thai Economic Party) by putting a halt to a planned dinner on May 23 involving the Party’s secretary-general with the opposition Pheu Thai Party’s deputy leader. The Pheu Thai official accused General Prawit of attempting to discuss ways to remove Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha in the upcoming no-confidence debate scheduled for mid-2022. The secretary-general of the Setthakij Thai Party had already accepted an offer to meet Pheu Thai and numerous smaller groups for dinner on May 23. 

The Thai Economic Party has 18 MPs, including its secretary-general, who was previously expelled by the PPRP for operating as renegades. [Bangkok Post 1] [Bangkok Post 2] 

Thailand: Bangkok gubernatorial candidate favorites, survey funds

(aph) A survey released on May 12 by Bizcuit Solution has revealed the three most popular candidates in the upcoming gubernatorial election in Bangkok scheduled for May 22 are Move Forward candidate Wiroj Lakkhanaadisorn, Democrat candidate Suchatvee Suwansawat, and former transport minister Chadchart Sittipunt.

The survey collected data from four million comments on social media including Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube from March 21 to May 7. On Facebook, 37 percent of the comments were in favor of Suchatvee. On Youtube, Wiroj and Chadchart were most positively talked about, while former Bangkok governor Aswin Kwanmuang saw 74 percent of the comments on YouTube against him. On Twitter, Wiroj, Chadchart, and Suchatvee were most frequently mentioned positively, while comments on Aswin went in the opposite direction. 

CEO and Founder of Bizcuit Solution, Suttipan Sutas Na Ayuthaya, said the company used AI Natural-language understanding (NLU) in their analysis. He also stated that the objective of this survey was educational, with the goal of explaining phenomena that occur on social media, and that it was not intended to predict the outcome of the election. [Thai PBS World]

Furthermore, according to the latest Suan Dusit survey published on May 12, 91.67 percent of voters are fixed on their candidate. The poll asked voters whether they would reconsider their intended support before they go to the polling station on May 22. Bangkok has 4,374,131 eligible voters. [Bangkok Post] 

Thailand: Commission on Elections disqualifies political candidates  

(aph) The Election Commission disqualified independent candidate Sarawut Benchakul from running in the Bangkok Governor’s election on grounds of alleged corruption under Section 56 of the Local Councils and Administrations Elections Act of BE 2562 (2019). 

The Election Commission (EC) was notified by the Office of the Judiciary that Sarawut was found guilty of a grave disciplinary infraction violating Section 77 of the Judicial Commission Act of BE 2543 (2000) in connection with the remodeling of the Phra Khanong Provincial Court and was removed from his office. Sarawut reportedly signed a contract worth an estimated THB42.3 million (USD 1.2 million) with a private contractor to remodel and upgrade a Civil and Criminal Court structure without conducting an appropriate bidding procedure.

The EC had also disqualified Kraidaj Bunnag during the screening process as they discovered Kraidaj is a publisher, editor, and owner of an entertainment magazine, which is prohibited by Section 50 of the local council and administrative election legislation. 

Four potential councilors are now out of the race. Three were disqualified: Adithep Chawla, Perapol Kanokwalai, and Nattawee Paochai. The fourth, The Thai Sang Thai’s candidate for councilor, Pornpimon Kongudom, passed away. [Thai PBS World] [Nation Thailand] 

Thailand: Protest leaders face one-year prison sentence

(aph) Three former political party leaders and a TV news anchor received a one-year jail sentence after the Appeals Court found them guilty of “criminal association and inciting unrest” in relation to their roles in violent anti-government protests in 2008. 

The defendants were accused of leading the seizure of Thailand's National Broadcasting Service (NBT), a state-run TV station, on August 25 and 26, 2008, during rallies against Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej’s administration.

Protesters assaulted the NBT headquarters armed with pistols, swords, knives, axes, and metal rods. Several staff members were threatened and asked to stop transmitting news. The demonstrations resulted in the seizing of Samak's office for three months and a week-long siege of Bangkok's two major airports. Samak resigned after the release of a Constitutional Court’s verdict on Samak’s violation of the constitution by presenting TV cooking shows while holding public office. 

The court has granted bail to the four defendants at THB 200,000 (USD 5793.74) each. [Thai PBS World] [The Thaiger] 

Vietnam: Country to begin process towards becoming an independent economy

(bs) Vietnam is planning to build and strengthen an independent economy by becoming entirely self-reliant and competitive on a global scale. The announcement came from Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh on May 14. 

The Prime Minister also added that the objective is far from isolating Vietnam from the rest of the world.  Rather, it will bring better connectivity by integrating international policies on a national level yet by maintaining political and cultural independence.

The country has been pursuing such objectives since 1945. However, the plan has encountered several obstacles throughout the years, including the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis, the 2007-2008 financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic, to mention the most recent.

Currently, Vietnam is working towards long-term development objectives by focusing on strengthening three pillars, namely a socialist-oriented market economy, a socialist state with a rule of law, and a socialist democracy, according to the prime minister. The country aims particularly at transitioning to a “developing country” by 2030, and to a “developed country” by 2045. [VNExpress] 

International Relations, Geopolitics and Security in Asia

US-ASEAN Summit: ASEAN, US leaders meet in a special summit in Washington DC

(pw/lb/cmsk/db/aph) The 10 country leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) met at the White House, in Washington DC, for a two-day special summit on May 12 and 13. ASEAN country representatives include Brunei, Indonesia, Cambodia, Singapore, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines. 

The United States (US) President Joe Biden made a 28-point vision statement where the country and ASEAN members commit to working on building a comprehensive strategic partnership. President Biden announced he is nominating one of his top national security aides as ambassador to ASEAN, which he aims will underscore his administration’s commitment to the Pacific region. 

During the meeting, Southeast Asian leaders have received a USD 150 million pledge for energy, infrastructure, pandemic preparedness, and security at the summit. The US President is hoping the announcement will show his determination in recalibrating American foreign policy to have a greater focus on Asia and to strengthen the United States' role as a counterweight to China’s rapid rise in the region. Several ASEAN countries are reportedly economically reliant on China, with some of them being engaged in territorial disputes with China over maritime areas in the South China Sea. [MSN] [WION News] [TAIPEI TIMES] [Yahoo News] 

Moreover, with the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the US is believed to be attempting to persuade ASEAN countries to take a tougher stance on Russia. However, their positions have been mixed, which might be attributed to some states’ dependence on Russian armaments or their ties with Russia. [Associated Press News 1] [Associated Press News 2] [Brookings] [National Public Radio] [Radio Free Asia]

Being Cambodia the current chair of ASEAN, the country’s relationships with the US came to a particular relevance in the context of an ASEAN-US summit. Cambodia–US relationship has been turbulent due to the US’s concerns over the state of Cambodian democracy and human rights and the country’s extensive ties with China, such as the suspected basing of Chinese forces in the Ream Naval Base. These issues have been dismissed by Cambodia, with Prime Minister Hun Sen saying that the Cambodia–US relationship is at its height. Furthermore, Cambodia is attempting to draw greater US investments and mend its ties to the US. According to some analysts, Cambodia is seeking to diversify its international partners. Sen believed that this summit would allow Cambodia and the US to enhance their ties and move to a comprehensive strategic partnership. [Khmer Times] [The Phnom Penh Post 1] [The Phnom Penh Post 2] [Voice of America]

Whilst Myanmar will remain conspicuously absent from official proceedings at the US-ASEAN summit, the country was a crucial topic of discussion in the meeting. Despite diverging views within ASEAN on dealing with the Myanmar military regime, the US and ASEAN have agreed to use an empty chair to symbolize the absence of Myanmar’s ousted government during the summit. US State Department Officials also separately met with leaders of the parallel government, known as the National Unity Government (NUG), and other stakeholders. The US condemned the escalating violence that it said was leading to a humanitarian crisis and called for unhindered access to provide assistance to people in Myanmar. The US further pledged to support ASEAN and other actors trying to peacefully restore democracy in the country. According to analysts, given the failure of ASEAN’s Five Point Consensus, the summit could identify additional steps to resolve the Myanmar conflict and explore new ways to rein in the junta’s violence towards civilians. The US might also be able to work with Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, who are willing to isolate the junta and engage with other stakeholders. Nevertheless, the status quo in Myanmar is expected to remain unaltered as a direct result of this week’s summit.  [Voice of America] [Radio Free Asia] [United States Institute of Peace] [US Department of State][The Irrawaddy] [Foreign Policy] [The Diplomat]

Furthermore, Malaysian Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah told his ASEAN counterparts that the Myanmar military administration should not be entitled to dictate who was invited to the ASEAN-US meeting. Saifuddin also discussed strengthening the role of the ASEAN envoy to Myanmar. Further, since announcing that he was in touch with members of the parallel National Unity Government, Abdullah also held his first in-person meeting with NUG’s foreign minister, Zin Mar Aung while in Washington DC. The two sides exchanged views on the evolving situation in Myanmar. Zair also discussed humanitarian assistance, technical training, and education for Myanmar refugees, according to Abdullah. Meanwhile, the junta’s Foreign Ministry protested ASEAN member states and US State Department Officials’ meetings with NUG in Washington this week. [Reuters][Radio Free Asia]

Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen remarked in a meeting with Cambodians residing in the United States that coup leader Min Aung Hlaing had requested the country to persuade Ethnic Armed Organizations who had rejected junta talks to also enter ceasefire negotiations. [Eleven Myanmar] 

Meanwhile in Thailand, in response to the summit, a small group of protestors gathered outside the US Embassy in Bangkok to oppose the increasing pressure the US is putting on Thailand which would allegedly pit Thailand against China and Russia. The group wrote an open letter to US President Joe Biden including a plea to cancel a military alliance strategy and a reported plan to include Thailand in its Second North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) group for Southeast Asian countries. Observers say they fear repercussions that could lead to a future war in the region as these acts could lead to an imbalance in world ties. [Nation Thailand]

On the other hand, a protest led by “Citizens for the Abolition of 112” submitted a petition to the US Embassy in Bangkok urging the US to persuade Thai authorities to release detained activists charged under the royal defamation law, Article 112 of the Penal Code. The petition was handed to the US Embassy prior to the ASEAN-US summit in the hopes that these topics would be raised. [Prachatai] 

The US has also developed a close bilateral relationship with the Philippines since 1946, with both sharing a strong historical and cultural link, as well as a shared commitment to democracy and human rights. This relationship, however, has been tense with President Duterte’s war on drugs, which gained a negative reception from the White House. On top of that, Duterte’s foreign policy during his tenure pushed the Philippines closer to China. [AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4] [US Department of State]  

The Philippines has great strategic importance to the US and would benefit from the financial commitment that the US promises to Southeast Asia, which includes investments in decarbonizing the region’s power supply, maritime security, COVID-19-related health funding, and the development of a digital economy and artificial intelligence laws. Most importantly, though, is the US Coast Guard’s ship deployment could help the Philippines counter China’s illegal fishing in the contested South China Sea. [Rappler] 

On a different note, the US relations with Laos were historically hampered after the Vietnam War which left over 80 million unexploded bombs in Laos and killed thousands of people in the country. US-Lao ties, however, began to warm up again with the establishment of their comprehensive partnership in 2016. Hence, this summit gave Laos and other ASEAN states a chance to discuss strengthening their economic partnerships with US businesses, which are perceived to play a vital role in developing and recovering Laos’s and other member states’ economies. [CSIS] [The Laotian Times] [Vientiane Times 1] [Vientiane Times 2] [Vientiane Times 3]

Chinese President Xi Jinping discusses Ukraine with German Chancellor and French President

(jw) Chinese President Xi Jinping met remotely with German chancellor Olaf Scholz and French President Emmanuel Macron on May 10, agreeing that negotiations on a diplomatic solution for the Ukraine war are to be supported. All parties also emphasized the need for humanitarian relief and access to contested areas. [Reuters]

In previous bilateral calls between Xi and Scholz as well as Xi and Macron, Xi stressed the need for cooperative relations between China and both European countries emphasizing different opportunities for deepening economic ties. Xi also urged both Germany and France to keep security issues “in their own hands” vowing for a European foreign policy that is less influenced by the US. While Scholz refrained from addressing sensitive issues in relations with China, Macron called on Xi to look after the implementation of the two forced labor conventions that China ratified at the end of April [see AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4], especially in Xinjiang. He also urged Xi to alleviate economic pressure on Lithuania which was hit by heavy economic sanctions after allowing Taiwan to open a representative office that bears “Taiwan” in its name [see AiR No. 32, August/2021, 2]. [South China Morning Post] [Xinhua]

The bilateral and trilateral meetings took place a few days before the foreign ministers of the G7 group convened in Germany on May 14 to hold further discussions on the Ukraine war. In a joint statement, the foreign ministers reiterated their stance on China’s role in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, urging China “not to assist Russia in its war of aggression against Ukraine, not to undermine sanctions imposed on Russia for its attack against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, not to justify Russian action in Ukraine, and to desist from engaging in information manipulation, disinformation and other means to legitimise Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.”

The foreign ministers also spoke out on other critical issues, including opposing Chinese claims in the South China Sea, supporting Taiwanese participation in the World Health Organization (WHO) and calling for full access to Tibet and Xinjiang. Furthermore, the G7 foreign ministers urged China to refrain from engaging in intellectual property theft, repatriating refugees to North Korea and disregarding the rule of law and democracy in Hong Kong. [Associated Press] [German Federal Foreign Office] [Politico]

US President Biden considers lowering tariffs on China to combat inflation

(jw) After multiple US senior officials said that lowering tariffs imposed during the US-China trade war of the Trump administration is being considered [see AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4], US President Joe Biden indicated that he also deems lowering tariffs a viable tool to combat inflation. According to Biden, US officials are “looking at what would have the most positive impact” while the inflation rate is expected to stay around the eight percent mark, higher than it was for decades. As the Office of the United States Trade Representative is about to review the extension of tariffs imposed on China, Chinese representatives indicated their support for the cutting of trade barriers between the two competing nations [see AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]. [CNBC]

Biden’s statement comes during the reported drafting of an executive order that is aimed at stopping foreign adversaries from gaining access to the personal data of US citizens. The order will reportedly hand over vast powers to the US Department of Justice enabling it to stop the harvesting of personal data in many cases. With the executive order, federal funding should also not be directed in a way that supports the handing over of citizens’ health data to foreign adversaries. The executive order is said to be mainly directed at China after the Trump administration was not successful in banning the applications TikTok and WeChat that allegedly facilitate data theft for the benefit of the Chinese government.

The Chinese Foreign Ministry reacted to the proposal by stating that data security “should not be relegated as a tool for individual countries to over-generalize the concept of national security, abuse national power, and unreasonably suppress specific countries and enterprises." [Reuters] [The Global Times]

Meanwhile, the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China has expressed its opposition against an “outright decoupling of the US-China relationship,” in its in latest white paper, calling on both sides to pursue “real plans for commercial and political engagement on an issue-by-issue basis,” and to abandon “the public use of inflammatory and unhelpful rhetoric around values-based differences.” [South China Morning Post]

Change in US fact sheet about Taiwan criticized by China

(jw) The US State Department changed its online fact sheet on Taiwan, deleting a line stating that the US does not support Taiwan’s independence. Another line saying that “the US recognized the government of the People’s Republic of China as the sole legal government of China, acknowledging the Chinese position that there is but one China and Taiwan is a part of China” was also deleted.

In reaction to the change, which the US had not been publicly announced, Beijing accused the US of “political manipulation.” The US State Department, for its part, downplayed and emphasized that the fact sheet does not stand for a change in US policy to Taiwan, as the US continues to be against the independence of Taiwan. [South China Morning Post] [The Guardian]

The quiet amendment of the fact sheet represents the hardened fronts on the future of Taiwan, as China claims the island as part of its own territory while the US aims to defend Taiwan’s de-facto independence despite officially recognizing China’s government. Amid the Ukraine war and increasing Chinese assertiveness in the Taiwan Strait, Washington is concerned about a possible attempt by China to take the island by force. According to Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines, China is working to upgrade its military up to the point at which it can take Taiwan despite a US intervention. [CNN]

US, China display differences on North Korea in UN Security Council

(jw) The US and China were unable to reconcile their opinions in a UN Security Council debate on the proper reaction to North Korea’s continuous signs of military rearmament and aggression. As North Korea conducted 17 ballistic missile tests in 2022, more than in 2021 and 2020 combined, the US calls for the adoption of further sanctions on the country that suffers from an economic crisis amid the first official announcement of COVID-19 cases.

However, China and Russia are not willing to follow suit, with Chinese Ambassador to the UN Zhang Jun stating that increasing sanctions “is not an appropriate way to address the current situation.” Instead, China and Russia support the dropping of some sanctions, appealing to the US to recognize positive developments in North Korea’s conduct. [Associated Press]

Engineer sentenced to 14 years in China trade secret case

(jw) Xiaorong “Shannon” You, who worked as an engineer for Coca-Cola and Eastman Chemical Company, has been sentenced to 14 years in prison after being convicted for attempting to steal trade secrets for the benefit of a Chinese company and the Chinese government. According to prosecutors, You participated in a scheme to steal trade secrets about the construction of beverage cans that was intended to lead to the establishment of a new Chinese company backed by government grants. [Associated Press]

Australia concerned about presence of Chinese spy ship in regional waters

(jw) A Chinese intelligence ship has been tracked close to the west coast of Australia, causing disquiet among Australian officials. A statement of the Australian Defense Department indicated that the ship gathered intelligence on defense facilities located in the Australian town Exmouth. According to Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, the ship’s presence is “concerning” even though it did not enter Australian territorial waters. Australian Defense Minister Peter Dutton told reporters that he considered the maneuver of the Chinese an “act of aggression.” [Australian Department of Defence] [DW] [Reuters]

The Chinese foreign ministry responded to Dutton’s comments by claiming that he was engaging in “fear mongering” instead of watching the situation calmly and objectively. [Reuters 2] [Sky News Australia]

The maneuver of the Chinese spy ships comes amid tensions between China and Australia due to the signing of a security agreement between China and the Solomon Islands that prompted concerns regarding Chinese military presence in the region that was previously part of the Australian sphere of influence [see AiR No. 17, April/2022, 4].

China rejects WHO’s criticism of zero-COVID approach

(jw) World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus, who had been frequently accused of being too friendly toward China, criticized China’s zero-COVID strategy on May 10, claiming that the WHO discussed the issue with Chinese experts and indicated that “the approach will not be sustainable.”

The Chinese foreign ministry called the remarks that were widely censored on Chinese social media “irresponsible.” The Chinese approach toward COVID-19 entails strict lockdowns aimed at completely eradicating the virus and was previously criticized by embassies and diplomats who complained about draconic measures such as the separation of children from their families in Shanghai [see AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2]. [Associated Press] [CNN]

Indigenous Peruvians continue to protest against Chinese copper mine

(jw) After members of the indigenous Fuerabamba and Huancuire communities stormed the Las Bambas copper mine in mid-April and caused a complete halt of operations [see AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1], subsequent bargaining efforts between the indigenous and the Peruvian government have been unsuccessful.

While the Fuerabamba community, which was resettled before the opening of the mine in 2016, claims that the mining grounds are their ancestral land, the Huancuire community aims at preventing a further extension of the mine that would threaten their current living grounds. Furthermore, Fuerabamba representatives complain that commitments reached under a resettlement agreement have not been fulfilled and that living standards have declined as a result of the resettlement. Executives at Las Bambas, which is partly owned by MMG, a unit of Chinese state-owned mining company China-Minmetals, called the protests illegal and appealed to the Peruvian government to enforce the law. Both sides accuse each other of violence. [Reuters]

For a discussion of how China has been successful in increasing its influence in South America through trade as well as through both foreign direct investment and lending in energy and infrastructure, and what political interest are behind Beijing’s engagement in the region, see Diana Roy in [Council on Foreign Relations].

Japan, EU leaders pledge cooperation over Ukraine and in Indo-Pacific

(cm/jw) Japan’s Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, and European Council President Charles Michel met in Tokyo to discuss a coordinated response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and to provide aid to the affected country.

All leaders condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine as “absolutely impermissible.” Both Japan and the European Union have already strongly condemned Russia for its attack on Ukraine and its alleged war crimes by imposing financial and trade sanctions on Russian individuals and institution to isolate the country and they recently announced the plan to phase out Russian oil imports. Japan latest freezing of the assets of Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and 140 more individuals and ban on exports to 71 organizations came on May 10.

Ahead of the EU-Japan summit in Tokyo Michel had also issued a call for Japan to contribute to a Marshall Plan-style trust fund to support the humanitarian, administrative and reconstruction needs of Ukraine. [Kyodo News] [Nippon] [Nikkei Asia]

The three leaders also affirmed the intention of taking a more active role in the Indo-Pacific, referring to the region as “theater of tensions” in the wake of China’s growing assertiveness, and North Korea’s military activities. 

With regards to China, the joint statement issued after the meeting reaffirmed the two countries’ opposition to any unilateral attempt to change the status quo by force in the East China Sea, including in the waters surrounding the Senkaku islands, and South China Sea. This prompted China to “firmly opposed” to the EU and Japan “smearing and discrediting China, interfering in China’s internal affairs and provoking regional confrontation.”  [Reuters] [European Council]

Kishida, von der Leyen, and Michel, furthermore, reaffirmed cooperation in energy, economic and food security, agreeing to launch a framework of comprehensive cooperation in the digital area to ensure a free and secure flow of data, as well as to diversify and strengthen supply chains of materials that include semiconductors and to cooperate on infrastructure. [Kyodo News]

Japan and Finland discuss Ukraine war and NATO membership

(cm) On May 11 Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Finnish Prime Minister Sanna Marin strongly condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and called for a united response to the crisis during their first in-person meeting in Tokyo. They expressed their intentions of strengthening cooperation, with the common goal of ensuring peace and stability both in Europe and in the Indo-Pacific region amid security threats from North Korea and China.

Marin shared her country’s plans to potentially join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a security framework that the war in Ukraine has prompted Finland and Sweden, both having faced Russian aggression in the past, to seek. At the same time, Russia’s foreign ministry has issued a warning against Finland joining NATO, as it is perceived as a threat to the stability and security of the country and the North European region. [Kyodo News] [NHK]

Meanwhile, on May 13 Japan’s Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi and his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba agreed that the international community should maintain its pressure on Russia through sanctions, over its invasion of Ukraine now in its third month.

In their meeting, Kuleba expressed Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s appreciation for Japan’s decision to phase out Russian oil imports and asked for Japan’s additional assistance. Lastly, the minister remarked the importance of monitoring the situation in the Indo-Pacific region, as its security is inseparable from that of Europe. [NHK]

Japan to boost intel-sharing with Five Eyes

(cm) Amid China’s growing assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Japan intends to increase cooperation with the Five-Eyes intelligence alliance, although in the country a dedicated intelligence agency is absent. The alliance currently comprises Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, although it may be expanded in the future, and the framework allows allies to share information gathered through monitoring phone calls, emails and other forms of correspondence.

A pact with New Zealand would allow a more comprehensive cooperation between Japan and Five Eyes, as the country already had information security agreements with the U.S., U.K. and Australia; furthermore, the U.S. House of Representatives drafted a defense bill last year calling for an expansion of intelligence sharing with Japan, among other countries. Nonetheless, Japan does not possess a security clearance framework to protect sensitive information and technologies, and domestic surveillance is restricted. [Nikkei Asia]

Japan agrees on unity with fellow G7 member countries UK, France and Canada

(cm) Japan’s Foreign Minister Yoshimasa Hayashi met separately with his counterparts from Britain, France .and Canada at the G7 foreign ministers’ summit in Weissenhaus, Germany. Yoshimasa affirmed, independently with British Foreign Secretary Liz Truss, French foreign minister Jean-Yves Le Drian and Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Melanie Joly unity among Group of Seven countries against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as well as pledgde close cooperation toward a free and open Indo-Pacific.

During the meetings, Hayashi explained the results of Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s early May tour to Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and Britain as part of Japan’s diplomatic efforts in Asia to prompt countries to put pressure on Russia.

With Joly, he also agreed to cooperate in countering North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats and in solving the issue of its abduction of Japanese nationals. This comes as Japan’s Defense Ministry stated that three ballistic missiles were launched by Pyongyang toward the Sea of Japan on May 12. [NHK]

Japan extends USD 10 million emergency grant aid to Yemen

(cm) On May 10, the Japanese government advanced a USD 10 million emergency grant aid to provide food assistance in Yemen. It stated that assistance is expected to be delivered to about 2.5 million people through the World Food Program (WFP)

Civil war-hit Yemen is currently suffering a food crisis and in urgent need of humanitarian aid amidst the impact of surging prices, including those of food, that followed the war in Ukraine.

The aid comes in support of the truce agreement that was reached by the mediation efforts of Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General for Yemen Hans Grundberg. [Arab News]

Japan to grant aid in help for nations to fight COVID-19

(cm) On May 12 Japan’s Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced at a global summit to spur efforts to counter the current pandemic that Japan will offer assistance worth USD 5 billion to developing nations in their fight with the virus. The assistance includes financial contributions to the United Nations’ COVAX vaccine-sharing program and up to USD 200 million will be provided through the Japan International Cooperation Agency, aimed at boosting the local manufacturing capacity of vaccines and medicine in Africa. [Kyodo News]

British Minister for Asia visits to South Korea and Mongolia

(dql) During her visit to South Korea as Britain’s chief delegate to the inauguration of South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol last week, Minister of State for Asia and the Middle East Amanda Milling called for maintaining international sanctions against North Korea and their strict enforcement, condemning Pyongyang’s missile and nuclear programs a “real threat” to regional and global stability.

Other topics discussed include the war in Ukraine, sanctions against Russia and ways to expand bilateral cooperation, particularly in the areas of trade, climate, technology and health as well as changes to the free trade agreement that went into effect in January 2021. [Yonhap News Agency]

During her visit in Mongolia, Milling met with ministers to discuss ways to deepen cooperation in trade and investment, foreign policy, climate change and education. [Government, UK]

South Korea: Change in language to address North Korea’s missile test

(dql) In response to North Korea’s recent missile test, the South Korean military has announced that it plans to return to the practice of referring to those tests as “provocations” in public communication.

The shift in language is indicative of a more hardened stance of the administration under President Yoon Suk-yeol as compared to his predecessor Moon Jae-in, whose administration shied away from describing North Korean missile launches as provocations in a bid to push for warmer inter-Korean relations as basis for denuclearization talks. [Yonhap News Agency]

South Korea co-sponsor of Ukraine resolution of UN Human Rights Council

(dql) South Korea was co-sponsor of a UN Human Rights Council resolution that was adopted on May 12 and calls for an immediate end of hostilities against Ukraine and an investigation into alleged human rights violations committed during the war.

33 of the 47 Council members, including South Korea, voted for the resolution. China and Eritrea voted against it. India, Pakistan and Cuba were among the 12 countries that abstained from the vote. [Yonhap News Agency]

South Korea to acquire US military helicopter

(dql) South Korea’s Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) has concluded a deal with American aerospace manufacturer Bell Textron for the purchase of 40 Bell 505 Jet Ranger X helicopters and eight simulators for by 2025. The deal is worth USD 133 million.

Bell 505 helicopters are designed to train future military pilots and prepare them for the most challenging missions. [The Defense Post]

Established in 2006 under the defense ministry, the DAPA is an executive branch of the South Korean government in charge of administering the improvement of defense capability projects, the procurement of munitions, and the fostering of defense industries.

US, Belize in support of Taiwan’s participation in international organizations

(dql) In a latest sign of US support for Taiwan, President Joe Biden has signed a bill into law that aims to support Taiwan in regain observer status at the World Health Assembly (WHA), the decision-making body of the World Health Organization (WHO).

Under the new legislation, the Secretary of State is directed “to develop a strategy to regain observer status for Taiwan in the World Health Organization (WHO), and for other purposes.”

The move comes ahead of the 75th WHA, scheduled to be held in Geneva, Switzerland, from May 22-28. [Taipei Times]

Meanwhile, the Belizean House of Representatives adopted a motion to support Taiwan’s participation in international organizations.

Calling Taiwan an “indispensable part of the global community,” that “can play and has played a critical role in the world,” the motion specifically named the United Nations, the WHA, the International Criminal Police Organization, the International Civil Aviation Organization, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as target organization.

The motion was the first addressing Taiwan’s participation in international affairs in more than 30 years since the Caribbean ally established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 1989. [Focus Taiwan]

China’s Liaoning aircraft carrier conducts more than 100 ‘landings and take-offs’ in six days new Japan and Taiwan

(dql) The Japanese Defense Ministry revealed that China’s aircraft carrier Liaoning flew more than 100 sorties in six days between May 3 to 9, as part of exercises near Taiwan and Japan, involving Shenyang Aircraft Corporation J-15 fighter jets and helicopters which conducted anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations. [Janes]

Meanwhile, on May 10, the Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruiser USS Port Royal (CG-73) transitioned the Taiwan Strait, marking the second transit through the narrow waterway separating China and Taiwan by a U.S. naval ship in the past two weeks. On April 26, the USS Sampson (DDG-102) went through the strait. [USNI]

Taiwan-Israel relations: Social welfare cooperation agreement signed

(dql) On May 12, Taiwan and Israel have signed a joint declaration on social welfare and social service cooperation, that seeks to deepen bilateral cooperation in these fields.

It is the 30th cooperation pact signed between the two countries thus far, and the fifth since 2020. [Focus Taiwan]

Presidents of Poland and Mongolia discuss bilateral relations

(dql) On May 10, Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh held a telephone conversation with his Polish counterpart during which the two leaders discussed a range of issues of bilateral relations and cooperation, highlighting the outcomes of the political consultations between the Mongolia-Poland Intergovernmental Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [AKI Press]

India bans most wheat exports over food security risk

(sg/pb/lm) India, the world’s second largest producer of wheat, announced on May 13 that all wheat exports are prohibited, effective immediately, amidst heightened fears of global food insecurity due to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine. A notice in the government gazette by the directorate of foreign trade said a rise in global prices for wheat was threatening the food security of India and neighboring and vulnerable countries. [The Guardian]

A month ago, as Russia’s war in Ukraine pushed the world to the brink of a food crisis, high hopes had been placed in India to fulfill growing wheat demand. At the time, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi told United States President Joe Biden that New Delhi was ready to step up its wheat exports from its vast reserves – more than two times the required buffer. Additionally, the Indian government had planned to increase wheat exports by three million tons to a total export volume of 10 million tons of wheat during this financial year. While producing large quantities for the local market, India accounted for just 0.5 percent of global wheat exports in 2020. [OEC] [Statista] [The Economic Times]

Agricultural ministers from the G7 block of developed economies who were meeting to discuss the export of up to 25 million tons of wheat stuck in Ukrainian ports immediately criticized the move, stating the risk it posed to the food security of developing countries. [Al Jazeera] [Tagesschau, in German]

Critics of an expanding Indian crop trade had previously noted that exports should be limited to preserve food security and prevent rising wheat prices. The government, which purchases produce from farmers at fixed prices, supplies most of its staple crops, such as wheat and rice, to feed its population of 1.3 billion. Amid these circumstances, promising a global food supply has been a delicate balancing act, also considering the increased unpredictability of future harvests. [Voice of America]

A record-breaking heatwave has disrupted wheat yields at the height of the harvesting season. Temperatures across north-western India – the major wheat-producing region – reached 100-year records, with daily temperatures consistently soaring above 40°C. Crop yields are estimated to be 5-10 percent lower than last year’s harvest. [The Hindu]

The new regulation comes in the same week as delegates from India travel to Morocco, Tunisia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Algeria, and Lebanon to discuss wheat exports. Furthermore, just last month, Egypt, another major importer of Russian and Ukrainian wheat, agreed to purchase up to one million tons of wheat from India following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [The Economic Times]

Pakistan, United States hold high-level security talks ahead of foreign minister’s Washington visit

(sg) High-level security officials from Pakistan, including the director-general of the country’s premier intelligence agency ISI, have traveled to the United States to meet with US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan and CIA Director William Burns. [Dawn]

Neither side disclosed any details of the meetings, but the talks are believed to have focused on the ongoing crisis in Afghanistan – Washington hopes that Islamabad can help stabilize its neighboring country. They were likely also aimed at laying the groundwork for an upcoming trip by Pakistani Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari to the States later this month [see AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2].

The last security level talks between the two countries were held in July 2021, when then National Security Advisor Moeed Yusuf met his US counterpart Sullivan at the White House [see AiR No. 32, August/2021, 2]. Afterwards, relations between Washington and Islamabad had cooled, especially since the pullout of American troops from neighboring Afghanistan in August of last year.

Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Imran Khan, who was ousted from office last month through a no-confidence motion last month, accused the US of conspiring with the Pakistani political opposition to remove him from office, alleging that the White House was upset over his approach to foreign policy that distanced Islamabad from Washington. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]

Indian Prime Minister Modi visits Nepal, emphasizes stronger bilateral cooperation

(sg/lm) Accompanied by a high-level delegation Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi traveled to the town of Lumbini in Nepal on May 16 to celebrate the birthday of Gautama Buddha. During his one-day trip, his first since his re-election in 2019, Modi met with his Nepalese counterpart Sher Bahadur Deuba to discuss bilateral cooperation on a large hydropower project. The two leaders also signed multiple agreements concerning trade and cultural exchange.

The visit marked Modi's fifth time in Nepal since his election in 2014 and the highest-level exchange since bilateral ties derailed in May 2020 over a border dispute around the strategic three-way junction in the mountainous territory with Tibet and China. Modi embarked on the trip following an invitation from Deuba, who traveled to New Delhi last month [see AiR No. 24, June/2020, 3]. [The Times of India]

The two leaders signed six agreements, most notably one on the joint development and implementation of the Arun-4 project in eastern Nepal. The Nepal Electricity Authority and the Indian government will jointly develop the hydroelectricity project, expanding the existing Arun-3 project. Five further agreements focused on cooperation between Indian and Nepalese universities. [Kathmandu Post 1]

A crucial part of bilateral discussions also focused on developing the 750MW West Seti Hydropower Project in western Nepal. The long-running project has been at a standstill for the past six decades and has changed hands through multiple contractors, most recently to a Chinese contractor in 2012. Last week, Deuba announced he now discussed Indian participation in the project with Modi.

Due to limited domestic demand, Nepal intends to sell much of the generated power to its Indian neighbors. However, Indian policy dictates that it will not purchase energy produced in ways other than its own investment, as India seeks to discourage Chinese investment in infrastructure projects of neighboring countries. [Kathmandu Post 2] [South Asian Monitor]

Pakistan says it foiled suspected attack against Chinese citizens, as leaders vow joint counterterrorism efforts

(ha/lm) Pakistan announced on May 16 its police had arrested a would-be suicide bomber who allegedly planned to blow herself up near a convoy of Chinese nationals along the China Pakistan Economic-Corridor (CPEC), just hours before a phone call between Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Pakistani Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif.

The woman was arrested in the southwestern province of Balochistan and is believed to belong to the separatist Baloch Liberation Army (BLA), a separatist insurgent group from the province. The latest arrest came two weeks after a lone female suicide bomber belonging to the BLA blew herself up on a university campus in the southern port city of Karachi on April 26, killing three Chinese citizens and their Pakistani driver [see AiR No. 18, May/2022, 1]. [Reuters]

Following the suicide bombing, that killed three staff members of a Confucius Institute in Karachi, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi called on his Pakistani counterpart Bilawal Bhutto Zardari to help take “resolute and effective measures” against attacks targeting Chinese nationals in a virtual meeting on May 11. [South China Morning Post]

Using a similar language, Prime Minister Sharif this week promised his Chinese counterpart maximum security for the thousands of Chinese working in Pakistan. [Global Times]

However, in a clear indication of Beijing’s growing frustration over Islamabad’s inability to bring the situation under control, Chinese nationals teaching Mandarin at Confucius Institutes across Pakistan have reportedly left the country. [The Economic Times]

Asian Development Bank to give additional USD 2.5 billion to Pakistan annually

(fq) In order to support the balance of payment difficulties of Pakistan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is likely to give additional USD 2.5 billion in budgetary support to Islamabad for the upcoming fiscal year 2022-2023 [The News]

The funding plan was indicated by the ADB country director at a meeting with Pakistan's Minister of State for Finance and Revenue. According to the government officials ADB committed to lend USD 10 billion to Pakistan under Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) till 2025, with USD 2.5 billion on annual basis [Geo]

The latest Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) between ADB and Pakistan was put in force in December 2020 for five next five years from 2021-2025 to help Pakistan address its social and structural challenges caused by COVID-19 pandemic [ADB]

India hosts counterterrorism experts from SCO member states

(pb/lm) Counterterrorism officials from members states of the eight-nation Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), including China, Russia, and Pakistan, held a three-day conference in the Indian capital New Delhi from May 15-17. The gathering, held under the SCO’s Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) sought to address the threat of terrorism in the Eurasian region and the emerging security situation in Afghanistan. [The Hindu].

Pakistan sent a three-member delegation to attend the meeting, marking the first official visit of Pakistan’s new government to India under the leadership of newly elected Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif. [Geo News]

Bangladesh, United States hold ninth defense dialogue in Hawaii

(lm) Bangladesh and the United States on May 16 commenced the ninth iteration of their annual defense dialogue in Hawaii as the two countries seek to strengthen and explore areas of cooperation in areas pertaining to joint exercises, forces modernisation, counterterrorism and disaster management. The routine dialogue will conclude on May 20. [The Daily Star]

Sri Lanka’s new prime minister hopes for close ties with India

(pb/lm) Sri Lanka’s new prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe, has expressed hope for closer ties with neighboring India, which has so far committed more than USD 3 billion to the debt-ridden island nation. [Deccan Chronicle]

Sri Lanka is facing a severe shortage of foreign currency, leading to its inability to pay for imports of staple food and fuel. The situation is further worsened by a spiraling inflation caused by shortage of these basic goods. Wickremesinghe was sworn in as the country’s new prime minister on May 12, following the resignation of former premier Mahinda Rajapaksa in the wake of violent clashes between his supporters and anti-government protesters. [see entry in this edition]

The same day, India said it expects to work with the new Sri Lankan government according to democratic processes, and assured continued commitment to the people of the island nation. [Financial Express]

India halts acquisition plans for Russian Ka-31 helicopter

(pb) India has indefinitely suspended plans to procure ten Russia-built Kamov Ka-31 airborne early warning helicopters due to supply uncertainties in light of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. [Defence News]

India ordered the helicopters back in May 2019. But the acquisition program was delayed due to supply issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though talks resumed in February this year, with a finalized price of USD 520 million, they hit a roadblock due to disagreement between negotiating officials on a rupee-ruble payment mechanism.

Presently, the Indian Navy operates 14 Ka-31 helicopters, which are crucial for the country’s second aircraft carrier INS Vikrant, a made-in-India warship to be commissioned in July. The latest decision to halt the negotiations comes after New Delhi scrapped a planned procurement of 48 Russian-made Mi-17 V5 helicopters in favor of local production last month, as most of the aircraft’s key engine parts are sourced from Ukrainian manufacturers.

India “major focus” of France's presidency of European Union, French envoy to New Delhi says

(pd) The French ambassador to India has termed the South Asian nation a “major focus” of Paris’ presidency of the Council of the European Union, which will conclude this July. The envoy also looked forward to the political relations between the 27-nation European bloc and India to develop simultaneously with people-to-people ties. [The Hindu]

Later, in an exclusive interview with Indian news outlet ThePrint, Ambassor Lenain said France wants to bolster India’s strategic autonomy, and make the country more autonomous in producing the equipment it needs for its national security. France will promote India’s “Atmanirbhar Bharat” policy and support in defence co-development and technology transfer, including for aircraft engines. [ThePrint]

The envoy emphasized on the friendly partnership between the two nations and said that France is “not the kind of country that is going to lecture a close partner like India.” He highlighted the sovereign interest of the two countries, stressing also that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron opened independent channels of communication with both Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky amid the ongoing war.

The ambassador lauded the successful delivery of 35 Rafael fighter jets to India by France. Lauding the Scorpene submarine deal, the French ambassador said the collaboration between France’s Naval Group and Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL) under Project-75 to produce six submarines under a complete transfer of technology, is “quite an achievement” for both countries. The sixth and the final submarine – Vagsheer – was launched last month.

The French ambassador also mentioned some discussions about issuance of RFP (request for proposal) for the P-75(I). Earlier this month, Indian Prime Minister Modi visited France during a three-nation tour to France, Germany and Canada. On the eve of his France visit, the French conglomerate Naval group had walked out of the Indian Navy’s next big submarine project known as the Project-75(I) citing technical issues, particularly related to the air-independent propulsion (AIP) system. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]

After opposition outrage, Pakistan says appointment of trade officer to India doesn’t signal change in policy

(sg/lm) A day after the cabinet of Pakistan’s new prime minister, Shehbaz Sharif, approved the appointment of a new trade officer in the country’s diplomatic mission in New Delhi, strong criticism from the opposition Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf party (PTI) forced the administration to clarify that the move did not mean a change on Islamabad’s policy on trade with India. [The Wire]

On May 10, the new government appointed trade officers to 15 different countries, including India, following a selection process for trade and investment officers initiated in December last year by the administration of then Prime Minister Imran Khan. The process was finalized just days before Khan was ousted by the opposition through a parliamentary no-confidence vote on April 9. [ AiR No. 15, April/2022, 2]. [The Express Tribune]

The following day, Pakistan’s former foreign minister and PTI leader, Mehmood Qureshi, came out strongly criticizing Sharif’s government, and asserting that ties between Pakistan and India should only be normalized after New Delhi reverses its decision on the status of Kashmir.

In recent months pressure to resume trade with India has mounted. Several prominent business figures have publicly announced that bilateral trade could greatly assist Pakistan’s ailing economy. In addition, the newly unveiled National Security Policy recommended that Pakistan seek to avoid any hostility with India. [South Asia Monitor]

In light of this, the position of a trade officer – which has remained vacant for almost five years – was to be filled by a senior officer from the Commerce and Trade Group. However, according to Pakistan news outlet Dawn, two previous trade officer postings in India were denied visas.

Indian Air Force chief in Japan to consolidate defense ties ahead of Quad summit

(lm) The chief of the Indian Air Force, Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, on May 16 arrived in Japan for a four-day official visit aimed at cementing bilateral ties a week before the Tokyo summit of the four-nation Quadrilateral Security Dialogue. Upon his arrival, Marshal Chaudhari held meetings with the Japanese defense minister and chief of staff, among other high-ranking officers of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.[The Hindu BusinessLine] [ThePrint]

The two countries are expected to finalize the dates for a joint air exercise during this week’s engagements. When Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio visited New Delhi last month it was agreed that the exercise be held at the earliest. [AiR No. 12, March/2022, 4]

United States special coordinator for Tibetan Issues arrives in India

(lm) The United States special coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Uzra Zeya, arrived in India on May 17 for talks centering on ways to deepen collaboration in the fields of human rights and democratic governance. Zeya is expected to visit the city of Dharamsala in India’s Himachal Pradesh state, which is home to the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government-In-Exile. [The Hindu]

Penpa Tsering, the second democratically elected leader of the Central Tibetan Administration visited Washington last month and met with Zeya. Tsering also met House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and other congressional leaders.

Nepal temporarily shuts border with China, India due to local polls

(sg) Nepal temporarily closed its borders to China and India for 72 hours ahead of local elections on May 13, following a recommendation of the country’s Election Commission. In addition, all domestic flights on Election Day were canceled, except for rescue and relief flights and those under government directives. [Business Standard] [The Kathmandu Post]

India, Saudi Arabia foreign ministers discuss energy, economic fallout of Ukraine war

(lm) A phone conversation between India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and his Saudi counterpart Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud on May 12 centered on bilateral strategic ties and the impact of Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. [Business Standard]

India, Iceland foreign ministers discuss bilateral relations

(sg) India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar met with his Icelandic counterpart Thordis K. Gylfadottir on May 12 as part of a virtual summit between the two countries. The conversation provided an opportunity to follow-up on the second India-Nordic summit that was hosted in the Danish capital Copenhagen last week as part of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Europe trip [see AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2]. [Asian News International]

Indonesia plans to turn Natuna Islands into a Special Economic Zone

(bs) Indonesia’s government is planning to turn its Natuna Islands in the South China Sea into a special economic zone (SEZ). It established a working group in early 2022 to conduct research in the area. The plan is to convert the group of islands into a SEZ by October 2024, at the end of the presidential term of Joko Widodo.

According to local sources, Indonesia is aiming to strengthen maritime security in the South China Sea to prevent the increase in Chinese activities in the area. Move that is likely to be met with resistance by China, which claimant the main claimant over waters in the South China Sea for decades. China has -assigned itself territorial sovereignty over the Natuna Islands through its “nine-dash line,” a border-line segment that separates those areas that China claims territorial control over in the South China Sea.

Among the contested territories are the Paracel Islands, the Spratly Islands, the Pratas Island, the Vereker Banks, the Macclesfield Bank, and the Scarborough Shoal. Several of those areas are also claimed by Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. 

The Indonesian government reportedly also aims at enhancing investment and trade opportunities in the fishery industry. Currently, Indonesia has 18 SEZs. Moreover, in March, President Widodo signed a presidential decree that divides the Natuna maritime territory into more than six designations, including one on defense and security, which will allow the country to host military exercises, and carry out military and coast guard drills in the area. [Asia Nikkei] 

US President Biden congratulates Philippines’ President-elect Marcos, hopes to expand bilateral ties

(db/dvr) Following the Philippines election, United States (US) President Joe Biden congratulated President-elect Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and expressed his intentions to strengthen the two countries’ alliance. Biden looks forward to continuing their cooperation with an emphasis on stronger relations in terms of trade and diplomacy. In a phone call, Biden and Marcos spoke of their common interest in democracy, self-determination, and economic recovery. [GMA News] 

While the President-elect’s policies are still unclear, Marcos Jr.’s new administration insists that his foreign policy will be inclusive and not exclusive, stating that the national interest will come first and that there will be no compromise, especially on territorial integrity. [Inquirer]

Foreign investors uncertain due to Philippines President-elect Marcos Jr.’s alleged lack of clear policy agenda

(db/dvr) Japan-based investment bank Nomura expressed its concerns over President-elect Ferdinand Marcos Jr.’s unclear policy agenda, stating that Marcos’s lack of clear economic focus in his campaign implies that it is not on his list of priorities. Economic policy appears to be crucial as the Marcos administration has the difficult position of rescuing a national economy that has suffered under the COVID-19 pandemic. [Philstar]

The London-based economics research consultancy Capital Economics published a report on May 9 that says that some moves are expected during Marcos’s presidency. One is sustaining the ‘Build, Build, Build’ infrastructure program that was initiated by President Rodrigo Duterte. Capital Economics also expects the new administration to build closer ties with China, however, it will be modest so as not to jeopardize the Philippines’ relationship with the United States (US), which is the country’s primary military ally and has higher export demand than China. 

Another London-based economics research and analysis group, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), published in a report on May 6 stating that the biggest risks of the Marcos administration would be incompetence and corruption. From the start of his campaign, Marcos has largely avoided debates and media engagements and had little disclosure of his policies. EIU expects Marcos to pursue a similar route to Duterte, who leaned conservative. The EIU also says, however, that there could be a minor shift in scope, as Marcos favors nuclear energy infrastructure and expressed interest to reopen the Bataan nuclear power plant.

In terms of diplomacy, Marcos’s decorum, which is calmer in comparison to Duterte’s rough way of speaking, will likely help ease tensions between the US and the Philippines, which will be crucial in the middle of China’s expanding territorial claim over the heavily disputed South China Sea, according to experts. [Capital Economics] [Inquirer]

Malaysia, US to establish working committee on forced labor  

(lb/bs) Malaysia and the United States (US) agreed to cooperate in establishing a working committee to tackle forced labor issues in Malaysia. The committee would meet every three months to exchange information on forced labor, including formulating policies that could support the countries' initiatives toward combatting the practice.

With the same objective, the Malaysia Human Resource Department proposed that Malay workers be introduced to trade unions and encouraged to join them. The move would also be in line with the draft amendments to the Trade Unions Act 1959 which is scheduled to be tabled in Parliament in July. Moreover, in March, the labor ministry also proposed a law amendment to the Employment Act 1955 (Act 265) that would include provisions to combat forced labor in Malaysia. [The Star] 

In early May, the Malaysian government announced the intention to address and combat forced labor in the country by cooperating not only with the US but also with the United Kingdom (UK). The countries agreed to join forces to implement a National Action Plan on Forced Labor launched in 2021. The move came after Malaysia ratified the International Labor Organization Protocol 29 on November 26, 2021. [AiR No. 19, May/2022, 2] 

Thai, international NGOs submit joint letter to US president to push elimination of Thailand's “abusive” draft law on Non-Profit organizations

(bs) A group of 64 non-profit organizations submitted a joint letter to the United States (US) President Joe Biden Administration urging the US president to pressure the Thai government to withdraw from the Operation of Not-for-Profit Organizations Act approved on December 21, 2021. The Act could suppress freedom of association, freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and human rights as it allows arbitrary interference with the right to privacy, according to civil society and rights groups. They also claimed that the law is in violation of Thailand’s international human rights obligations and the provisions are written in a vague language which is a potential cause of arbitrary accusations of its violation. 

The bill requires NGOs to disclose sensitive information such as names, founding objectives, implementation methods, sources of funding, and names of people operating for the organizations. Furthermore, they will be forbidden to undertake, promote, or participate in activities that may threaten or disrupt “national security and harmony and the well-being of other people”. These terms are considered vague and unclear by experts. Moreover, any violation will cause suspension of the activities and liability under criminal law. [AiR No. 2, January/2022, 2] 

The letter came ahead of the US-ASEAN special summit that took place on May 12-13 in Washington DC. [Human Rights Watch]

Malaysia, US sign cooperation agreement on Supply Chain Resilience 

(lb) Malaysia's ministry for international trade and industry signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) on Semiconductor Supply Chain Resilience with the United States government and acknowledged the importance of the two countries creating resilient, secure, and sustainable semiconductor supply chains. The MOC will provide cooperation guidelines for both countries. It also aims at increasing transparency and trust and promoting bilateral investment in the field. [MalayMail] 

Myanmar military junta blocks UN Special Envoy from attending ASEAN meeting on humanitarian aid to the  country

(cmsk) The Myanmar military authorities blocked the United Nations (UN) Special Envoy to Myanmar, Noeleen Heyzer, from joining a meeting with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on humanitarian assistance to Myanmar, according to the Special Advisory Council for Myanmar (SAC-M), a group of former UN experts on the country, and the ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights.

The meeting was held in Cambodia on May 6. Observers speculate that Heyzer was prevented from attending the meeting because of her recent encounter with the parallel National Unity Government (NUG) and its relief and resettlement minister. She was the first international envoy to publicly meet with the NUG which was branded by the military regime as a terrorist organization after the military coup in February 2021. 

The meeting in Phnom Penh included discussions on future plans for ASEAN to deliver humanitarian aid to areas identified by the Myanmar military junta.

According to SAC-M, there are currently 14 million people in need of humanitarian assistance across the country, and 800,000 people are internally displaced. [The Irrawaddy]

Myanmar military regime rejects UK Chargé d’Affaires visa

(cmsk) This week, the United Kingdom (UK)’s Charge D’Affaires, Pete Vowles, was reportedly refused a visa by the junta’s State Administration Council. The junta’s governing body had reportedly rejected the United Kingdom’s decision to re-designate Vowles from his previous position as Ambassador to Myanmar to Chargé d’affaires. Vowles arrived in Myanmar in late 2021 but reportedly did not present his credentials to the SAC despite requests by the junta. 

Earlier that year, after Myanmar's ambassador to the UK joined the opposition movement and urged the junta to release detained State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, he was dismissed by the military authorities and was locked out of the Myanmar Embassy in London. [The Irrawaddy]

Myanmar: Organizations and individuals urge US President Biden to impose further sanctions to reduce funding for military administration

(cmsk/bs) More than 637 Myanmar organizations and 220,000 individuals have signed an open letter to the United States (US) President Joe Biden urging him to impose sanctions on Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) to prevent the military administration to receive funding that would support its repressive activities. The petition called for the US administration to cooperate with Thailand and South Korea to eliminate any gas revenues accruing to the junta by diverting the funding to alternative accounts until the civilian-elected National Unity Government is recognized.

Moreover, according to a campaign group, the junta seized USD 1.5 billion in gas revenues from the junta-controlled Myanma Foreign Trade Bank’s accounts following the 2021 coup. That revenue was alleged to fund genocide and widespread killings across the country. The group suggested that the bank faces sanctions for money laundering. [The Irrawaddy] 

In early 2022, the MOGE was hit by sanctions from several foreign countries and the European Union. An Australian fossil fuel giant announced to halt its activities in Myanmar shortly after two other energy firms announced the total shutdown of their operations in Myanmar. In January, France’s Total Energies group and United-States-based Chevron withdrew from Myanmar’s major offshore gas company following the call for international sanctions on the gas and energy field for atrocities and human rights abuses. The sanctions are aimed at reducing financial support to the repressive military government. [AiR No. 9, March/2022, 1] [AiR No. 5, February/2022, 1] 

Myanmar refugees in India have limited access to healthcare and education 

(cmsk/ny) Myanmar refugees in India’s Mizoram state are experiencing a shortage of medicines and are lacking access to healthcare facilities. According to the Youth Mizo Association, in Mizoram's border town of Zokhawthar, diseases such as malaria, flu, and dysentery are common among Myanmar refugees. Parents also lack the financial resources to afford their children’s schooling in the area. Currently, 30,000 refugees are reportedly sheltering in Mizoram. Most refugees are from the neighboring Chin State and some from the Sagaing Region, in Myanmar. [The Irrawaddy]

Indonesia’s palm oil export ban sparked widespread discontent

(bs) Following the issuing of a palm oil export ban by Indonesia, the world’s largest producer of palm oil, several countries have shown signs of discontent. Although no official concern has been voiced, some of the main importers are facing drastic increase in food and cooking oil prices. Among those importers are China, India, and Pakistan. [Aljazeera 1] 

As Indonesia maintains its export ban, Malaysia, the second largest producer of palm oil, is experiencing an increase in export to India. However, experts noted that Malaysia will not be able to fully replace Indonesia’s position in the palm oil export markets as the country produces only around 40 percent of Indonesia’s output. [Aljazeera 2] 

Thailand, Saudi Arabia paving the way to strengthen bilateral relations

(bs/aph) A Thai diplomatic delegation comprising of over 80 people is partaking in an official visit to Saudi Arabia to discuss bilateral economic cooperation. The event is expected to anticipate further diplomatic exchanges between the two countries. In fact, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia has plans to visit Thailand in late 2022. According to the director-general of the Department of South Asian, Middle East and African Affairs, both countries look forward to strengthening their bilateral ties and finalizing the drafting of an agreement on the establishment of a Thai-Saudi cooperation council. 

At the same time, the governor of Saudi's Public Investment Fund met Thailand Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha in Bangkok. During the meeting he committed to enhancing cooperation with Thailand on trade, investment and energy and gas exploration. [Bangkok Post] 

Vietnam, Russia might engage in joint military exercise

(bs) Vietnam keeps a low profile on an April 19 report according to which the country agreed to engage in a joint military exercise with Russia, the “Continental Union – 2022.” The news was published by a Russian news agency, which reported an online meeting between the head of Russia’s Regional Control Centre and a commander of the Vietnamese military’s Armored Corps.

Meanwhile, according to an official news outlet of the Vietnamese government, the two countries’ army representatives held a second virtual meeting to plan the 2022 International Army Training Competition, the Army Games, hosted by the Russian Defense Ministry. [The Diplomat]

Cambodia, Vietnam to outline 90 percent of their shared borders 

(pw) Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen has announced that Cambodia and Vietnam have already demarcated 84 percent of the Cambodia–Vietnam border, with an additional six percent being worked out by both countries’ border committees, which Sen and his Vietnamese counterpart have called upon to finalize such discussions in the near future. Additionally, Sen dispelled allegations that he was trading Cambodian territory to Vietnam.

Since 2006, Cambodia and Vietnam have collaborated in outlining their shared 1,270–kilometer border. [Khmer Times]

French agency promises USD 316 million for development in Cambodia

(pw) The French Development Agency (AFD) has vowed to allocate USD 316 million to develop Cambodia’s agricultural, energy, sanitation, and water sectors, alongside providing vocational training throughout 2022–24.AFD has also pledged to contribute to inclusive and sustainable growth and prioritize efforts to combat climate change in Cambodia. Additionally, a donation to fund efforts to improve Cambodia’s air quality has been agreed upon between the AFD and the Cambodian government. [Khmer Times]

Timor-Leste, Australia engaging in defense cooperation program

(bs) Australia and Timor-Leste have been strengthening their armies’ bilateral ties by engaging in mobile training activities since March. The Australian Army has also been supporting the Timor-Leste Defense Force (F-FDTL) in the framework of a Defense Cooperation Program. The plan is to deploy another two mobile training teams to Timor-Leste by the end of the year and end the annual multilateral exercise, called Hari’i Hamutuk, in August. [Australian Government Defense] 

Cambodia, Vietnam improve bilateral security ties

(pw) High-ranking defense officials from Cambodia and Vietnam had recently discussed their countries’ defense relationships, including the common matters that affect their peace and stability, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of their previous defense partnerships. Both countries have agreed to deepen their defense relationship and harmonize the execution of Cambodia-Vietnam military cooperation programs. Furthermore, the parties agreed to strengthen border guard forces by enhancing information exchanges and increasing joint patrols. Similarly, a partnership agreement was agreed upon between the Royal Cambodian Gendarmerie and the Vietnamese Border Guard. [Khmer Times 1] [Khmer Times 2] 

USAID to provide USD 5.6 million grant to bolster Laos’s economy, education

(pw) The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has announced that it will provide Laos with a USD 5.6 million for two development projects in the country. USD 3 million will be allocated to the Laos Competitiveness and Trade Project, a joint effort between the Lao government and the World Bank, to promote greater investment and make the Lao economy more competitive. The remaining USD 2.6 million will be allocated to the United Nations Children’s Fund to enhance education for young children in Laos. [Vientiane Times]

Greek president begins a four-day visit to Vietnam

(bs) The Greek President, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, began her four-day visit to Vietnam on May 15.  She is expected to engage in talks with her Vietnamese counterpart, President Nguyen Xuan Phuc, as well as witness the signing of documents, meet with the press, attend diplomatic events, and visit local amenities and historical venues. Talks between the countries’ presidents will aim at strengthening their political and economic cooperation. [The Star] 

Announcements

Upcoming Online Events 

18 May 2022 @9:00 a.m. (GMT-8), Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA

Jordan: Perspective on Integration, Conflict, and Stability in the Middle East

This webinar will feature a conversation between H.R. McMaster and His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan. Relations between the U.S. and Jordan, Jordan's views on major crises in the Middle East, and the possibility of collaboration to improve stability and prosperity in the region will be discussed.

Find more about the webinar at [Hoover Institute].

18 May 2022 @12:00 p.m. (GMT-8), RAND Corporation, USA

Recent Trends Among the Unsheltered in Los Angeles

Despite the gravity of the unsheltered homelessness issue in Los Angeles, there is a dearth of accurate numerical data and characteristic information on the unsheltered. This conference will highlight new research that provides findings from data collected among the unsheltered in Los Angeles communities to better guide the formulation of appropriate homelessness policies.

If you interested in the answers to these questions, register at [RAND].

18 May 2022 @ 4:00-5:00 p.m. (GMT-8), World Affairs, USA

MARIN ONLINE: The West, Russia, and Ukraine: The Roots of the Conflict

In this online session, Professor Andrei Tsygankov will contend that Russia’s war in Ukraine is a result of a ten-year confrontation between Russia and the West. He holds Vladimir Putin solely responsible for the unforgivable and illegal war waged against Ukrainian citizens.

For more details, see [World Affairs].

18 May 2022 @ 9:00 a.m. (GMT-5), Atlantic Council, USA

Report launch: Squaring the Energy Transition Circle in Southeast Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean

In this webinar, the European Center will release its study with a panel discussion on energy transformation and mutual energy collaboration between the United States and Greece.

More information is available at [Atlantic Council].

18 May 2022 @11:00 a.m.-12:15 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

Understanding the Resurgence of the SOEs in China: Evidence from the Real Estate Sector with Professor Hanming Fang

Unintentionally, China’s recent anti-corruption effort may have led to the revival of state-owned companies (SOEs) in China. This webinar will examine this theory by giving supporting evidence from the notoriously rent-seeking and corrupt Chinese real estate industry.

Learn more about the event at [FSI].

18 May 2022 @1:00-2:15 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

The Russia-Ukraine War: A View from Kyiv

The strength and persistence of Ukraine’s defense against the Russian invasion has amazed the globe. This online conference will feature Vitaliy Sych, a veteran journalist working in Kyiv, who will discuss the resilience of the Ukrainian government, army, and citizens in the midst of Russian aggression.

For more information, see [FSI].

18 May 2022 @ 11:00 a.m. (GMT-5), Atlantic Council, USA

Wartime Content Moderation and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

This online session will feature a panel of experts who will discuss how Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has caused social media platforms to rapidly adjust their content filtering practices.

Follow [Atlantic Council] to learn more about the event.

18 May 2022 @ 1:00 p.m. (GMT-5), Atlantic Council, USA

How the Taliban Takeover Impacts Iran

This webinar will focus on Iran-Afghanistan relations and explore whether comparable U.S. worries over Afghanistan’s unstable situation lay the foundation of strategic cooperation between the two countries comparable to when the Taliban were in power.

If you wish you attend this event, register at [Atlantic Council].

18 May 2022 @ 10:00-11:00 a.m. (GMT-5), Wilson Center, USA

Antarctic Diplomacy: Issues and Trends in 2022

As Germany will host the annual Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM) from May 23 to June 2 this year, this online session will talk about priorities for the 2022 Meeting and address on-going challenges in Antarctic ties to prepare for the coming Meeting.

If you wish you attend this event, register at [Wilson Center].

19 May 2022 @ 10:00-11:00 a.m. (GMT-5), Wilson Center, USA

Dancing on Bones: History and Power in China, Russia and North Korea

Katie Stallard will speak about her latest book, Dancing on Bones: History and Power in China, Russia, and North Korea, and provide unique insights into the political mechanisms of mainstream history in this webinar.

For more information, see [Wilson Center].

19 May 2022 @ 10:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. (GMT-5), Wilson Center, USA

Pan-Arabism: A Path to Unity or Division?

Between 1952 and 1970, the creation of an Arab unified state was the aspiration of pan-Arabism. Two unification initiatives, the United Arab Republic and the Arab Union, appear to support the notion that Arabs are making progress toward reunification. This online forum will examine the degree to which pan-Arabism contributed to Arab world unity or separation, as well as the importance of why the two pan-Arab initiatives were established more or less concurrently.

If you interested in the answers to these questions, register at [Wilson Center].

19 May 2022 @ 9:00 a.m. (GMT-5), Atlantic Council, USA

War in Europe: Global Supply Chains and the Transatlantic Economy

This webinar will feature a panel of experts who will analyze the implications of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on transatlantic connected prosperity.

Visit [Atlantic Council] to find more event details.

19 May 2022 @ 2:30 p.m. (GMT-5), Atlantic Council, USA

EnergySource Innovation Stream with Boston Metal: Decarbonizing the Steel Industry

This online forum will feature Adam Rauwerdink, Senior Vice President of Business Development for Boston Metal, who will explore how the company’s steel decarbonization techniques are transforming heavy industry.

To find more about the event, click on [Atlantic Council].

19 May 2022 @12:00 a.m. (GMT-8), Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA

Tradition Repurposed: New Year’s Pictures, Cartoons and Political Posters around the Second Sino-Japanese War

Sino-Japanese cultural ties were influenced by a China-centric mindset. As Japan rose to be a global power while China struggled to rebuild, the relationship grew even more asymmetrical. This eleventh session of the Fanning the Flames Speaker Series will discuss the propaganda war between the Guomindang and Japanese militarists during the 1930s and 1940s.

If you want to know more about the event, visit [Hoover Institute].

19 May 2022 @2:00-4:00 p.m. (GMT-8), Hoover Institution, Stanford University, USA

California Wildfires - Crisis to Opportunity Exploring the intersection of risks, incentives, and consequences

Although there is low chance to face direct wildfire loss in California, Californian are prone to undergo insurance market disruptions induced by wildfires. This webinar will examine insurance market-disrupting factors, approaches to positive prospects for improvement, and the repercussions of passivity.

For more information, visit [Hoover Institute].

19 May 2022 @9:00-10:00 a.m. (GMT-8), RAND Corporation, USA

What is Climate Literacy? How Climate Science Can Support Disaster Resilience

Because climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters, emergency managers lean heavily on climate science to disseminate planning, decisions, and actions. Individuals are not required to attain a certain degree of climate knowledge. Rather, it suffices for climatic competences to be dispersed among individuals and organizations. This webinar will focus on climate literacy and other related topics.

If you wish you attend this event, register at [RAND].

19 May 2022 @11:30 a.m.-12:45 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

Trash-Talking Democracy

Regressive democratic forces target not only democratic institutions but also democratic culture. However, this democracy-bashing is not always effective. In this webinar, Susan Stokes will use data from the U.S., Turkey, Mexico, and other countries to look into why some attempts fail and other related issues.

If you wish you attend this event, register at [FSI].

19 May 2022 @12:00 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

Catalonia: A European Fight for Democracy

This webinar will discuss the Catalan independence movement that has fought against Spanish diktats and prohibitions in courts and tribunals across Europe. Following the 2017 vote, Spain undertook vast monitoring systems to combat the movement. However, the Catalans' desire for independence is evident in the continuous judicial conflicts.

Follow [FSI] to learn more about the event.

19 May 2022 @1:00-2:30 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

A Seminar on "AI-tocracy" and "Exporting the Surveillance State via Trade in AI" with Professor David Yang

This webinar will feature David Y. Yang, who will present his two recent research projects on "AI-tocracy" and "Exporting the Surveillance State via Trade in AI".

Visit [FSI] to find more details of the event.

19-20 May 2022, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

North Korea, K-pop, and the Korea Program at Stanford

This two-day conference will be centered on North Korea issues and the Korean Wave (Hallyu), two facets of Korea that continue to fascinate the public and examine ways to convert this public interest into greater academic involvement in Korea.

Visit [FSI] to find more details of the event.

23 May 2022 @ 4:00-5:30 p.m. (GMT-5), Wilson Center, USA

Panel on the Vietnam War

This panel discussion will concentrate on three main books: The First Vietnam War; Drawn Swords in a Distant Land; and The Road to Dien Bien Phu, which offer valuable insights into the Vietnam War.

Learn more about the event at [Wilson Center].

24 May 2022 @12:00-1:00 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

Bridging the Cybersecurity Data Gap with Privacy Protected Data Sharing

There is little motive for businesses to reveal suspected or successful cyberattacks. Revealing sensitive material could lead to a regulatory investigation, tarnish the company's image, or give competitors an unjustified edge. As a result, despite frequent cyberattacks, we collectively learn from them. This virtual conference will examine the issues created by underreporting, the potential of new "privacy enhancing technologies", and the complexities involved in applying these technologies in large volume.

If you wish you attend this event, register at [FSI].

24 May 2022 @12:00-1:30 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

What Has Xi’s Anti-Corruption Campaign Accomplished?

In this webinar, Christopher Carothers will talk about Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign based on his first book, “Corruption Control in Authoritarian Regimes: Lessons from East Asia”.

For further event details, see [FSI].

24 May 2022 @5:00-6:30 p.m. (GMT-5), Freeman Spogli Institute for International Students, Stanford University, USA

How Can Women “Shine” Brighter in Japan? Gains and Obstacles in Women’s Advancement in Japanese Society

Japan’s dwindling and aging population necessitates a shift in gender norms that would allow the country to capitalize on women’s economic potential. Still, many obstacles continue to impede the advancement of gender equality in the workplace and at home. This webinar will feature experts who will examine the successes and challenges of increasing gender diversity and inclusion in Japanese society.

Find more at [FSI].

Recent Book Releases 

Victor Seow, Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia, University of Chicago Press, 376 pages, published on April 8, 2022, reviewed in [Asian Review of Books].

Philip Bowring, The Making of the Modern Philippines: Pieces of a Jigsaw State, Bloomsbury Academic (Kindle) published on May 5, 2022, with a review in [Asian Review of Books].

Michael Cox, Agonies of Empire: American Power from Clinton to Biden, Bristol University Press, 202 pages, published April 26, 2022. For a review, see [LSE].

Calls for Papers

Apocalyptica, an international, interdisciplinary, open-access, double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Käte Hamburger Centre for Apocalyptic and PostApocalyptic Studies (CAPAS) at Heidelberg University, invites manuscripts for its next issue on the theme “Thinking with the End(s) of Worlds”. Deadline for submission is July 22, 2022. For more information, see [Heidelberg University].

The World Trade Organization (WTO) invites paper proposal for the World Trade Congress on Gender. Closing date for submission is July 1, 2022. Further information is accessible via [WTO].

Jobs and Positions

Solidarités International is seeking a Security & Access Coordinator. The position is based in Maiduguri (Nigeria). Applications are accepted on a rolling basis until the position is filled. For more information, see [Solidarites].

The Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics (CEE) at Sciences Po is seeking a Full Professor in the field of sociology, with specialization in sociology of crime, deviance and corruption. Application deadline is May 22, 2022. If you are interested, see [Sciences Po].

The Air University’s Air War College's Center for Strategy and Technology (CSAT) is looking for a Professor of International Security. Deadline for submission of application is May 23, 2022. For more details, see [USA Jobs].

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is recruiting a Gender Specialist. The position is based in Suva, Fiji. Applications can be submitted until July 1, 2022. Visit [UNDP] for details.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is looking for a National Consultant for a study into the Namibian private healthcare sector. Closing date for applications is May 27, 2022. The position is based in Windhoek, Namibia. More information is available at [UNDP]

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is hiring a Project Coordinator (Compliance, Communications and Cultural Orientation). The position is based in Doha, Qatar. Deadline for applications is May 30, 2022. Visit [IOM] for further details.

Team:

Andrew Pathomphop Heinz (aph), Beatrice Siviero (bs), Charisma M. S. Kundan (cmsk), Chiara Mohammadvalizadeh (cm), Chithra Madhusudhanan (chm), Dana Lane Batac (db), Dominique van Rossum (dvr), Duc Quang Ly (dql), Faryal Qazi (fq), Grace Learmonth-Lo, Henning Glaser (hg), Hira Akram (ha), Jidapa Eagark, Julian Wendt (jw), Kevin Downey (kd), Lois Barker (lb), Lucas Meier (lm), Peeranat Wongbandit (pw), Poonam Behura (pb), Rakshit Kumar (rk), Sally Dobie, Sebastian Gräff (sg), Ulrike Immler, Venus Phuangkom, Yin Nyein Myat (ny)

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