In post-war Australia, writes historian Noah Riseman, there were no trans organisations or publicly advertised gender clinics. Trans people were frequently the subject of salacious media reports, but one change was that more stories presented their perspectives.

Patrick John Cowther, for instance, was arrested in Melbourne in 1944, “dressed in women’s clothes, a pearl necklace and a gold bangle and wearing lipstick, rouge, powder and eyeliner”. Cowther’s lawyer argued that Cowther dressed in women’s clothing as “an emotional relief … and to me it is perfectly natural”.

In our Friday essay, Riseman shows how trans people navigated an era during which they could be arrested for “offensive behaviour” and swept up in a medical system employing tests such as the degrading “penile volume response test”.

Still, writes Riseman, the rise of medical discourse about “transsexualism” and surgical options in Melbourne and Sydney “offered new explanations and opportunities, particularly for those trans people who adhered to stereotypical ideas of white, middle-class respectability. The postwar era also saw the consolidation of camp cultures in the capital cities, bringing together a variety of sexually diverse and gender-diverse people.”

Suzy Freeman-Greene

Books + Ideas Editor

Friday essay: ‘I hope eventually to become a woman’ – trans life in Australia from the 1940s to 1970s

Noah Riseman, Australian Catholic University

Before the 1970s, there were no trans organisations or publicly advertised gender clinics. But camp cultures brought together a variety of sexually- and gender-diverse people.

Grattan on Friday: In the second half of this term Albanese will need to concentrate on delivery

Michelle Grattan, University of Canberra

Looking a year ahead, Labor will be struggling against the electoral tide in Queensland, where (on present polling) the Palaszczuk government could lose office

The green energy surge still isn’t enough for 1.5 degrees. We’ll have to overshoot, adapt and soak up carbon dioxide

Pep Canadell, CSIRO

Holding climate change to 1.5 might be possible – but in the best case, we’ll blow past the limit first and then backpedal.

Handkerchief or tissue? Which one’s better for our health and the planet?

Mark Patrick Taylor, Macquarie University; Hester Joyce, La Trobe University

The answer might surprise you.

Lions to roar or Magpies to soar? It’s a remarkable revival story either way on grand final day

Daryl Adair, University of Technology Sydney

It’s been over a decade since either club last won a premiership. Both teams have experienced plenty of lows since then.

Australian universities have dropped in the latest round of global rankings – should we be worried?

Judith Ireland, The Conversation

The Conversation talks to University of Melbourne researcher Gwilym Croucher about what the Times Higher Education rankings mean.

Antimatter: we cracked how gravity affects it – here’s what it means for our understanding of the universe

William Bertsche, University of Manchester

It seems there isn’t a sci-fi part if the universe in which everything is made of antimatter.

Beyond the PwC scandal, there’s a growing case for a royal commission into Australia’s ruthless corporate greed

Carl Rhodes, University of Technology Sydney

A new review found PwC Australia had a 'whatever it takes' culture, making those raking in the most money 'untouchables'. Australians need to know if that culture has infiltrated other big businesses.

‘You’re constantly worrying’: pregnant women, bushfire smoke and the impossibility of safety

Mary Lou Rasmussen, Australian National University; Celia Roberts, Australian National University; Louisa Allen, University of Auckland; Rebecca Williamson, Australian National University

If you were pregnant or parenting during Australia’s 2019–20 summer of smoke and fire, chances are you felt acutely anxious – and grappling with impossible responsibility.

A search for links between two of the universe’s most spectacular phenomena has come up empty – for now

Eric Howell, The University of Western Australia

Massive flashes of energy known as ‘fast radio bursts’ have puzzled astronomers for years – and a new search for links to gravitational waves has so far found no connection.

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