Nau mai, haere mai.

I don’t know about you, but 2023 has felt somewhat relentless. It began in earnest with Jacinda Ardern’s surprise resignation, rapidly followed up with the Auckland floods and Cyclone Gabrielle, chucked in a cost-of-living crisis for good measure, and hasn’t let up since the country elected its first three-way coalition government.

If you feel like a lie down that’s perfectly understandable, I know I do. But first, we here at The Conversation NZ need to thank a few people.

Firstly, to our tireless and dedicated authors from all our valued member universities. A great deal of journalism involves calling and quoting experts in order to make sense of a given issue or event. But our model means we work directly with them to distill and convey their knowledge and research for a general readership. Heartfelt appreciation to you all.

And secondly, to our readers. We’ve seen newsletter subscriptions and readership numbers grow, both on our own website and through our many republishers. It goes without saying that you’re the reason we exist, so thank you – and please keep spreading the word!

Our Australia-New Zealand editor Misha Ketchell wrote this week about social cohesion – something he said “comes from the slow and unglamorous work of listening to people carefully, paying them respect and giving them the benefit of the doubt”. (You can read the full post below.)

These aren’t particularly fashionable ideas in the click-driven, frenetic, social media simulation we’re all wrestling with, but they're a decent mission statement nonetheless. So if you value our work and would like to join our 800 new monthly supporters across Australia and New Zealand, you still can.

Finally, we hope you have a great – and conversational – Christmas and New Year, and that you get a chance to rest and revive. We’ll be back in January – until then, mā te wā.

Finlay Macdonald

New Zealand Editor

NZ’s new government is getting tough on gangs – but all the necessary laws already exist

Kris Gledhill, Auckland University of Technology

The government’s promised crack-down on gangs may have to work around existing legislation – and human rights provisions.

Planting pine or native forest for carbon capture isn’t the only choice – NZ can have the best of both

Sebastian Leuzinger, Auckland University of Technology; Len Gillman, Auckland University of Technology

Pine grows faster and sequesters more carbon. But native forest is better for biodiversity in the long run. Transitioning between the two offers a win-win solution.

New Zealanders are learning to live with COVID – but does that mean having to pay for protection ourselves?

Paula Lorgelly, University of Auckland

The government says funding for COVID vaccines and antivirals are up for consideration next year. With so much unknown about the long-term impact of COVID, will cost become a barrier to access?

Standardised testing could be compulsory in NZ primary schools – what can we learn from the past?

David Pomeroy, University of Canterbury; Jessica Shuker, University of Canterbury; Kaitlin Riegel, University of Canterbury; Nick Pratt, University of Plymouth; Rafaan Daliri-Ngametua, Australian Catholic University

The new government needs to tread carefully as it looks to reintroduce standardised testing. A one size fits all approach to testing students can have negative consequences for everyone involved.

How to improve social cohesion

Misha Ketchell, The Conversation

Real social cohesion comes from the slow and unglamorous work of listening to people carefully, paying them respect and giving them the benefit of the doubt.

From our foreign editions

North Queensland’s record-breaking floods are a frightening portent of what’s to come under climate change

Steve Turton, CQUniversity Australia

Once the immediate crisis in North Queensland has subsided, authorities will need to grapple with how to deal with the ‘new normal’ of extreme weather events. The big question is: are they prepared?

Is it OK to let my kids watch the same show over and over again?

Laura Scholes, Australian Catholic University

The good news is, it’s perfectly OK for children to watch and repeat. In fact, it can help them learn.

Israel is accused of using white phosphorous. Would this be against international law?

Sascha-Dominik (Dov) Bachmann, University of Canberra

The use of such incendiary devices is only legal under very specific circumstances. A careful examination of the evidence is now required.

A bottle of scotch recently sold for $2.7 million – what’s behind such outrageous prices?

Hovig Tchalian, University of Southern California

The history of whiskey is one of perception, not necessarily quality.

Victorian Britain had its own anti-vaxxers – and they helped bring down a government

Derek Gatherer, Lancaster University; Alice Deignan, University of Leeds; Chris Sanderson, Lancaster University

Victorian anti-vaccine literature shows that the fears and concerns remain largely the same today.

A new supercomputer aims to closely mimic the human brain — it could help unlock the secrets of the mind and advance AI

Domenico Vicinanza, Anglia Ruskin University

Neuromorphic computers aim to one day replicate the amazing efficiency of the brain.

After seeing the struggle of Palestinians in Gaza, TikTok users are learning about Islam

Nahid Widaatalla, University of Toronto

TikTok has seen a spike in posts, livestreams and discussions about the Qur'an, with many citing the displays of Islamic faith they’ve seen in Gazans as their inspiration.

The Sahara Desert used to be a green savannah – new research explains why

Edward Armstrong, University of Helsinki

The Sahara Desert is green and vegetated every 21,000 years. A climate model shows why.