Anyone who spends as much time on Twitter as I do (too much) will know that it can, very frequently, become a cesspool of hateful commentary and trolling.

The racist abuse that followed England’s crushing loss to Italy in the Euros final could have been anticipated by many – especially to these researchers tracking Twitter commentary ahead of the match. Given what they found with publicly-accessible software, it raises the question: Could – and should – Twitter have done more to preempt the firestorm?

Much of the commentary that makes the internet occasionally unbearable has to do with political polarisation and arguments. This divisiveness, as we’ve seen with Cambridge Analytica and other scandals, can be exacerbated by targeted political advertising. But simply “avoiding politics” won’t keep you safe. New research describes how targeted ads – even non-political ones – can isolate and divide us.

When it’s time to stop browsing the web and catch up on my Netflix queue, I like to watch pretty much everything with subtitles on, and when they don’t match up, it can be pretty jarring. But that’s nothing compared to the political propaganda and censorship that has occurred throughout the fascinating history of film dubbing.

Avery Anapol

Commissioning Editor

Laurence Griffiths / EPA-EFE

Euro 2020: could Twitter stop racist abuse before it happens?

Nicole Ferdinand, Oxford Brookes University; John Bustard, Ulster University; Nigel Williams, University of Portsmouth

The racist abuse of England's black players was predictable and easily monitored.

Zenza Flarini/Shutterstock

Targeted ads isolate and divide us even when they’re not political – new research

Silvia Milano, University of Oxford; Brent Mittelstadt, University of Oxford; Sandra Wachter, University of Oxford

We know targeted political adverts contribute to polarisation, but commerical ones leave us fragmented too.

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly by Sergio Leone is a classic example of dubbed post-war European film. Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy

The political history of dubbing in films

Damien Pollard, University of Cambridge

Governments could use dubbing to censor ideas they didn't like or insert messages in line with their propaganda.

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