Nau mai, haere mai.

Aotearoa New Zealand’s political year traditionally begins with the gathering at Rātana and commemorations at Waitangi in quick succession. These unique events mean no one – however resistant they might be – can ignore the central place of Māori and the Treaty/te Tiriti in public life.

Whether it’s facing the oratorical barrage on the marae or running the gauntlet of protest outside, those politicians who choose to attend must reckon with the passions and resistance their policies and pledges have stirred up. If the recent national hui called by King Tūheitia is any indication, this year may well be one of the testier ones in recent memory.

At issue, of course, is the new coalition government’s move to roll back previous initiatives to expand the use of te reo Māori in public life, support go-governance of resources, and give Māori greater control of delivering health services. Emblematic of all this has been the ACT Party’s Treaty Principles Bill, which aims to rewrite constitutional and legal interpretations of te Tiriti.

ACT argues the Treaty has been used to create “two types of New Zealanders”, with Māori given special privileges not available to others. Writing today, however, Dominic O’Sullivan argues the opposite – that the Treaty in fact helps provide the checks and balances on unbridled power so vital in a genuine liberal democracy.

Wherever you stand on these matters, it’s worth reading his argument in full. Because as surely Waitangi Day recurs every February 6, these foundational issues cannot be wished away.

Finlay Macdonald

New Zealand Editor

Waitangi 2024: how the Treaty strengthens democracy and provides a check on unbridled power

Dominic O'Sullivan, Charles Sturt University

ACT’s Treaty Principles Bill assumes Māori have been granted special privileges. But it can equally be argued the Treaty prevents the undemocratic concentration of power in the hands of a few.

The cost of school uniforms is a burden on families – is it time for the government to step in?

Johanna Reidy, University of Otago

Uniforms can cost hundreds of dollars. If students are required to wear them, the government should ensure they don’t become a barrier to education.

From the Middle East to the South China Sea: NZ’s new government inherits a defence dilemma

Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato

With geopolitical tension and uncertainty rising, New Zealand’s ruling coalition faces urgent questions about defence spending, alliances and its independent foreign policy.

Golriz Ghahraman’s exit from politics shows the toll of online bullying on female MPs

Cassandra Mudgway, University of Canterbury

Representative democracy is under threat as females – particularly from minority groups – leave or choose not to enter politics. Many say the mental toll of online abuse has become overwhelming.

Reducing nicotine in tobacco would help people quit – without prohibiting cigarettes

Richard Edwards, University of Otago; Janet Hoek, University of Otago

Research shows many smokers regret starting the habit. So why are we repealing the law that would have made smoked tobacco products less addictive?

New Zealand can learn from South Africa, The Gambia and others when it comes to international accountability

Karen Scott, University of Canterbury

Six cases are testing international accountability mechanisms and showing how small countries like New Zealand can impact global justice.

Wanting to ‘move on’ is natural – but women’s pandemic experiences can’t be lost to ‘lockdown amnesia’

Holly Thorpe, University of Waikato; Grace O'Leary, University of Waikato; Mihi Joy Nemani, University of Waikato; Nida Ahmad, University of Waikato

COVID was a ‘gendered pandemic’, with women carrying very different burdens to men. A three-year New Zealand research project aimed to overcome the urge to forget, and provide lessons for the future.

From our foreign editions

Symptoms of menopause can make it harder to work. Here’s what employers should be doing

Michelle O'Shea, Western Sydney University; Danielle Howe, Western Sydney University; Mike Armour, Western Sydney University; Sarah Duffy, Western Sydney University

Menopause can be a key factor in some women’s decision to retire early. But with the right interventions, workplaces can enable women to manage their symptoms and remain in the workforce.

‘It’s not game over – it’s game on’: why 2024 is an inflection point for the climate crisis

Wesley Morgan, Griffith University

Without urgent action, Earth is heading for climate catastrophe. Yet there are reasons for hope in 2024 – including a possible peak in global greenhouse gas emissions.

In opening a Hindu temple on the site of a former mosque, Narendra Modi is following an old Hindu nationalist ploy

Vikram Visana, University of Leicester

Modi is running for his third consecutive term of office, but many believe he plans to remain in power indefinitely.

Despite the climate crisis, Scotland is burning as much carbon-rich peatland as it did in the 1980s

Dominick Spracklen, University of Leeds

Nearly a third of all moorland burning in Scotland occurs on peat soil – a vital carbon sink.

Ghana wants to make importing food like rice and tomatoes more costly: expert explains why it’s a bad idea

Sylvanus Kwaku Afesorgbor, University of Guelph

Ghana’s industries need fewer production constraints and more incentives to compete domestically.

What is genocide? Six western countries want a broader application of the law – experts unpack why it matters

Kerstin Bree Carlson, Roskilde University; Line Engbo Gissel, Roskilde University

Genocide is called ‘the crime of crimes’ because of its collective significance.

Why New Hampshire and Iowa don’t make sense as the opening rounds of presidential campaigns

Charles R. Hunt, Boise State University

Two states that are not representative of the US, particularly in terms of race, have outsize influence in the presidential campaign.

Alcohol and drugs rewire your brain by changing how your genes work – research is investigating how to counteract addiction’s effects

Karla Kaun, Brown University

Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of addiction can change how researchers and clinicians approach treatments.