I first heard of El Niño when visiting family in Los Angeles in 1998. The Pacific climate phenomenon, involving different surface temperatures in different parts of the ocean, had led to so much extreme weather across California that year that a poor guy listed in the phone book under “Nino, Al” had been bombarded with abusive calls (I just double-checked my memory: it really happened.

More recently, the Pacific has been in its opposite state – La Niña – which tends to slightly cool the planet and cause various other climatic anomalies to ripple around the world. La Niña typically lasts for nine months or so, but this one has gone on for three years and only now appears to be ending. Will Roberts and Jayasankar Pillai explain how this unusually long La Niña has affected worldwide weather, and what the future has in store.

A new court ruling affecting the children of EU nationals settled in the UK means thousands of people who thought they were British could effectively lose their citizenship. And we hear from a microbiologist on whether pools or wild swimming spots have more germs.

Plus we'll be bringing you analysis of Rishi Sunak's new Brexit deal on Northern Ireland later in the day.

Will de Freitas

Environment + Energy Editor

El Niño was given its name by Peruvian fishermen. Christian Vinces / shutterstock

La Niña is finishing an extremely unusual three-year cycle – here’s how it affected weather around the world

William Roberts, Northumbria University, Newcastle; Jayasankar Pillai, Northumbria University, Newcastle

The Pacific Ocean climate pattern is the opposite of El Niño.

Max_555/Shutterstock

Why thousands of people who thought they were British could lose their citizenship

Alice Welsh, University of York

The British citizenship of the children of EU nationals born before October 2 2000 could be at risk.

Sally Anderson/Alamy Stock Photo

Swimming pools v wild swimming – a germs expert on which is worse

Primrose Freestone, University of Leicester

As well as the joy that comes with swimming, there can also be some dirty risks.

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