Nau mai haere mai — welcome to your weekly newsletter.

If it felt slightly unreal waking up to news of a potentially effective COVID-19 vaccine, the announcement of another possible breakthrough within days was positively surreal. It seems there is cause for cautious optimism at last.

But as Barbara Allen and Michael Macaulay explain, if either (or another) option is approved and goes into production, some hard ethical and practical decisions will have to be made — not the least of which is who should get the vaccine first, when we already know the pandemic has disproportionately harmed poorer communities and countries.

Also in this edition is a fascinating analysis of the cannabis referendum result from the recent election. Jack Vowles looks at the ages of those who voted for and against legalisation and suggests that time is on the side of the reformers.

There is plenty more here and on our homepage, so happy reading and, as ever, thank you for your continued support. Until next time, ngā mihi maioha ki a koutou katoa.

Finlay Macdonald

New Zealand Editor: Politics, Business + Arts

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Buying and distributing a COVID-19 vaccine will involve hard ethical and practical choices

Barbara Allen, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington; Michael Macaulay, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

The funding, procurement, storage and distribution of a vaccine present huge challenges to all governments, including New Zealand's.

A pro-reform billboard in Hamilton leading up to the October election and referendum. GettyImages

The numbers suggest the campaign for cannabis reform in NZ will outlive the generations that voted against it

Jack Vowles, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

Like Brexit in the UK, cannabis reform in New Zealand fell into an age gap — given time, a second referendum would probably succeed.

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New data privacy rules are coming in NZ — businesses and other organisations will have to lift their games

Anca C. Yallop, Auckland University of Technology

Many businesses struggle with data security, but the new Privacy Act means they will have to make protecting customers' personal information a priority.

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Negative interest rates could be coming. What would this mean for borrowers and savers?

Harry Scheule, University of Technology Sydney

Yes, the bank would effectively pay you to borrow money. But negative interest rates won't please savers, nor will they meet the big challenges of economic recovery.

Gustavo Frazao

Climate Explained: what would happen if we cut down the Amazon rainforest?

Sebastian Leuzinger, Auckland University of Technology

As the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon is not only an important carbon sink, but also home to thousands of species of plants and animals and a crucial part of the water cycle.

Dom Thomas/Getty Images

VIDEO: Two experts on the race for a COVID-19 vaccine and preparing Australia and New Zealand for the next pandemic

Liz Minchin, The Conversation; Molly Glassey, The Conversation

Watch two of Australia and New Zealand's top vaccine and virus experts answering questions about COVID-19. This was filmed at a Conversation reader event with Avid Reader bookshop.

From our international editions

Moderna follows Pfizer with exciting vaccine news – how to read these dramatic developments

Simon Kolstoe, University of Portsmouth

The recent vaccine trial results certainly look impressive, but here's how to fully interrogate what they mean.

South Australia’s COVID outbreak: what we know so far, and what needs to happen next

Adrian Esterman, University of South Australia

South Australia's COVID cluster is disappointing after a long stretch of no community transmission. Now we need to act to stop it growing exponentially.

Hong Kong: end of ‘one country, two systems’ poses fresh challenges for Joe Biden

Niki JP Alsford, University of Central Lancashire

How will the incoming Biden administration deal with Beijing over its treatment of Hong Kong?

Ships moved more than 11 billion tonnes of our stuff around the globe last year, and it’s killing the climate. This week is a chance to change

Christiaan De Beukelaer, University of Melbourne

It's high time the international shipping industry radically curbed its emissions. The industry must set a net-zero target and adopt a realistic plan to meet it.

What monoclonal antibodies are – and why we need them as well as a vaccine

Rodney E. Rohde, Texas State University

Monoclonal antibodies are synthetic molecules manufactured in the lab. But do we need them if a vaccine is on its way?

A record number of women will serve in the 117th Congress, including at least 51 women of color

Sharon Austin, University of Florida

Women made gains in Congress this election cycle, but they are still underrepresented compared to their share of the population.

Peru ‘coup’: public fury forces resignation of interim president leaving dangerous power vacuum

Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg, UCL

Peru is the latest in a chain of Latin American countries where a leader has been removed via a 'parliamentary coup'.

Who should get the coronavirus vaccine first? France and the UK have different answers

Laurence Roope, University of Oxford; Philip Clarke, University of Oxford; Raymond Duch, University of Oxford

Whatever approach is taken, the vaccine roll-out has to be fair and efficient.

How Biden’s victory affects US policy on China in Southeast Asia and benefits the region

Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII)

Biden's soft approach to China is expected to accommodate Southeast Asia countries to make both US and China as allies.

Massive project on African DNA sets out to close the knowledge gap on mental illness

Lukoye Atwoli, Aga Khan University Graduate School of Media and Communications (GSMC); Anne Stevenson, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Research on the genetic basis of mental illness has so far largely excluded anyone who is not of European heritage.