Ultra-processed foods comprise a good chunk of the average UK person’s diet — with some research finding almost 57% of the average Brit’s total daily calorie intake comes from these kinds of foods. This is a problem, as these foods are increasingly being linked to numerous health issues — including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.

Not only that, but growing evidence shows that diets high in ultra-processed foods affect us on a cellular level – and may even change the way the immune system functions.

Although research on humans is limited, studies on mice have shown that ultra-processed foods (and many of the ingredients they contain) modulate the gut microbiome. This is important, as even minute changes to the gut microbiome can have a serious impact on the way the immune system functions — from weakening immune response to making it easier for harmful pathogens to enter into this carefully-balanced community of microorganisms.

Speaking of being mindful of the foods you eat, we take a look at how spicy is too spicy after Denmark banned Bulk Ramen noodles because of their chilli levels.

We also take a look at the mood of “ennui”, who has also debuted as a character in Pixar’s “Inside Out 2”

All the best.

Heather Kroeker

Commissioning Editor, Health

Ultra-processed foods have been linked to poor health in many ways. Lightspring/ Shutterstock

Ultra-processed foods: here’s how they may affect the way the immune system functions

Samuel J. White, York St John University; Philippe B. Wilson, York St John University

Mouse studies have shown ultra-processed foods alter the gut microbiome – which has a major influence on proper immune function.

Ritzau / Alamy Stock Photo

Denmark bans noodles for being too hot – what you need to know about chilli heat

Mark Lorch, University of Hull

Chillies only give the illusion of heat. Here’s why the Dane’s should chill out.

Ennui is voiced by Adèle Exarchopoulos. Courtesy of Disney

Inside Out 2 introduces Ennui – here’s what the character teaches us about boredom

Tina Kendall, Anglia Ruskin University

As a researcher of how boredom shapes social media use among young people, I was particularly intrigued by the character of Ennui.

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