It’s been one year since Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. And despite catastrophic losses for both Ukraine and Russia, there are no real signs that peace is imminent.

But it’s also useful to remember that all wars eventually end – even the most tangled, violent conflicts that seem impossible to solve, writes Andrew Blum, a scholar of peace and conflict.

In today’s lead story, Blum walks through what components tend to be in place before a war can finally give way to peace, regardless of the conflict in question. “I don’t think it’s very likely that there will soon be productive peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia,” he writes.

Also today:

Amy Lieberman

Politics + Society Editor

A Ukrainian woman touches the grave of her husband, a soldier killed by Russian troops in August 2022. Sean Gallup/Getty Images

All wars eventually end – here are 3 situations that will lead Russia and Ukraine to make peace

Andrew Blum, University of San Diego

Questions about whether warring parties agree about how the war will end and the costs of war or peace are all key factors to help assess when a conflict might end.

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The Conversation Quiz 🧠

Here’s the first question of this week’s edition:

A train crash in Ohio has put the spotlight on railway safety. What other type of hazardous material incident kills more people and causes more damage than train crashes each year?

  1. A. Truck crashesi
  2. B. Pipeline leaks
  3. C. Terrorist attacks
  4. D. Laboratory accidents

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