It’s a safe bet that very few of the people reading this note will be able to remember a world without Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since November 1947, when he married the then 21-year-old Princess Elizabeth, he has been an ever-present and key piece of the constitutional pageantry of British royalty, forever fated to remain in the background, yet acknowledged as part of the glue that has held the royal family together for more than seven decades through an era of huge and often bewildering change.

If it’s the privilege of politicians and other public figures to pay tribute to the Duke of Edinburgh, the role of historians and journalists is more prosaic: to provide a dispassionate account of Philip Mountbatten’s life and career for the public record. Historian Sean Lang has traced the Duke’s life from his birth on Corfu in 1922 to Greek-Danish Prince Andrew and Anglo-German Princess Alice of Battenberg, through his childhood at a tough boarding school in Scotland, his years of service in the second world war and his 73-year marriage to Queen Elizabeth II. Meanwhile, Jonathan Spangler, an expert in European royalty, has looked at the tradition of royal intermarriage which knitted the continent together for 1,000 years.

This week we also looked at how Buddhism got its reputation for peace, the strange craze of looking for DNA evidence of Viking ancestry and why handshakes and hugs will be vital as we emerge from lockdown.

And, as in the latest in our series, Oceans 21, we look at why ocean stability might not be such a good thing.

From our colleagues around the world, this week we wondered how India will cope with Kumbh Mela, the world’s largest religious gathering, in a pandemic, while from Australia we heard from scientists who found a methane-eating bacteria living in a common tree species. In New Zealand, meanwhile, a new law under consideration will enable communities to move away from climate risks.

And do make time to listen to this week’s Conversation Weekly podcast which looks at the zombie company problem and what it means for our economies.

Jonathan Este

Associate Editor, International Affairs Editor

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on his last official engagement in 2017. Yui Mok/PA Archive/PA Images

Prince Philip dies: old-school European aristocrat and dedicated royal consort

Sean Lang, Anglia Ruskin University

Born into post-World War I European royalty, the Duke of Edinburgh came to represent the archetypal English aristocrat. Along with those 'gaffes'.

European fairytale: the uniting of the royal houses of Britain, Greece and Denmark in 1947. Trinity Mirror / Mirrorpix / Alamy Stock Photo

Prince Philip dies: his marriage to the Queen and their part in 1,000 years of European royal dynastic history

Jonathan Spangler, Manchester Metropolitan University

The marriage of the future British queen and her consort was part of an ancient tapestry of royal intermarriage in Europe.

Peace and tranquility? Depends who you ask. wong yu liang via Shutterstock

Where did Buddhism get its reputation for peace?

Nick Swann, University of South Wales

It's the 'religion of peace', with a long history of warlike behaviour.

Selenit/Shutterstock

Viking DNA and the pitfalls of genetic ancestry tests

Anna Källén, Stockholm University; Daniel Strand, Uppsala University

Genetic ancestry tests may sound like a bit of fun, but in an era marked by increasing xenophobia, it's important to be aware of the interplay between genetics and ideas of race.

Krakenimages.com/Shuttersstock

Handshakes and hugs are good for you – it’s vital they make a comeback after the pandemic

Simon Nicholas Williams, Swansea University; Kimberly Dienes, Swansea University

Physical contact is important for our mental health and social bonding. We need to bring it back as soon as it's safe to do so.

Inge Johnsson/Alamy Stock Photo

The ocean is becoming more stable – here’s why that might not be a good thing

Phil Hosegood, University of Plymouth

Climate change is strengthening the division between the ocean surface and the abyss.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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