Business confidence surveys test the mood of an economy – and mood counts for a lot when you have to make big decisions about spending more, cutting back or changing direction. In South Africa, one survey has recorded the ups and downs of business sentiment for 70 years, adding to the historical records of events, data and policies. Economists Johann Kirsten and Lisette IJssel de Schepper reveal more.

Many of us are aware that smoking can lead to cancer and heart disease, but a new study has uncovered another major risk. A team of medical scientists explain that smoking can affect the harmony of the microorganisms that live in our mouths, leading to higher levels of harmful bacteria.

Jabulani Sikhakhane

Editor

Business confidence in South Africa: how a 70-year-old survey has given early signals of the economy’s pulse

Johann Kirsten, Stellenbosch University; Lisette IJssel de Schepper, Stellenbosch University

Business confidence surveys provide early signals of economic trends long before the official statistics.

Smokers have a higher level of harmful bacteria in the mouth – new study

Yvonne Prince, Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Glenda Mary Davison, Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Tandi Matsha-Erasmus, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

Changes to the bacterial balance in the mouth can trigger inflammation and other harmful effects in the body.

Children in west Africa are often sent to live with other families to help them get ahead – but fostering may be doing the opposite

Pearl S. Kyei, University of Ghana

A study in five west African countries found that children fostered by wealthier households were less likely to attend school than children fostered by poorer households.

Freedom for Chagos islands: UK’s deal with Mauritius will be a win for all

Peter Harris, Colorado State University

The deal that’s been announced is a rare win-win moment in international relations, with all the relevant actors able to claim a meaningful victory.

Maasai Mara’s Indigenous forest is disappearing, with drastic consequences

Gabriella Santini, UCL

For the Maasai, Nyekweri forest has such a high ecological and socio-cultural value. But new conservancies aren’t working as best they could.

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