On Tuesday, Singapore Airlines flight SQ321 hit a patch of “extreme turbulence” and plummeted almost 2 kilometres in the space of a few minutes. Dozens of people were injured, and one died of what is presumed to have been a heart attack.

As aviation expert Doug Drury writes, the incident is a dramatic reminder of the risks of turbulence. While airlines do everything they can to avoid patches of rough air, they can sometimes be unavoidable.

Some routes – especially those near mountains – are inherently prone to turbulence. And a growing body of research suggests climate change may already be making severe turbulence more common. The message for travellers? Buckle up.

Conversely, when we hear about incidents like this, it’s entirely natural to have a strong emotional reaction. We might imagine the terror we would feel if we were on the plane at the time.

But our emotional response alters our perception of the risk and leads us to think these incidents are more common than they are. In reality, air travel is safer than other forms of transport, as Hassan Vally from Deakin University explains.

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Michael Lucy

Science Editor

Are some routes more prone to air turbulence? Will climate change make it worse? Your questions answered

Doug Drury, CQUniversity Australia

With severe injuries from turbulence on a recent Singapore Airlines flight, questions abound over why airplanes encounter this phenomenon and whether climate change really will make it worse.

How risky is turbulence on a plane? How worried should I be?

Hassan Vally, Deakin University

Air travel is safer than you might think, despite the publicity surrounding the recent Singapore Airlines incident. Here’s what’s going on to distort your perception of risk.

Peter Dutton wants to cut migration for the sake of housing. Here’s why that’s not a good idea

Peter McDonald, The University of Melbourne

Slashing the permanent migration intake will do little to help manage population growth and may well make building more homes even harder.

New research suggests girls in single-sex schools do slightly better in exams than girls in co-ed environments

Claire Charles, Deakin University; Lucinda McKnight, Deakin University

New UK research goes against previous studies that suggest it does not matter if students attend single sex or co-ed schools.

We’ve come a long way on gender diversity but what about class? How networks of private school privilege dominate Australian society

Clive Hamilton, Charles Sturt University; Myra Hamilton, University of Sydney

We crunched the numbers and found when it comes to top awards, Rhodes scholarships and High Court appointments, the dominance of elite private school alumni has grown over the past 40 years.

Age verification for social media would impact all of us. We asked parents and kids if they actually want it

Justine Humphry, University of Sydney; Catherine Page Jeffery, University of Sydney; Jonathon Hutchinson, University of Sydney; Olga Boichak, University of Sydney

We asked young people and parents what they thought about age-verification tools to restrict access to certain online content. We found their voice isn’t being reflected in broader debates.

Parenting a perfectionist? Here’s how you can respond

Elizabeth Westrupp, Deakin University; Gabriella King, Deakin University; Jade Sheen, Deakin University

Children and adolescents may experience perfectionism in relation to school work, sport, performance in art or music, or in relation to their own body. Here’s how parents can tackle it.

What is ‘Net Zero’, anyway? A short history of a monumental concept

Ruth Morgan, Australian National University

The phrase ‘net zero’ has a long history.

Businesses and directors could face multi-million dollar penalties if they fail to disclose their climate impact

Pamela Hanrahan, UNSW Sydney

Regulators, investors and climate advocates will be able to monitor what impact businesses are having on the environment under new accountability laws.

A rare find in ancient Timorese mud may rewrite the history of human settlement in Australasia

Mike W. Morley, Flinders University; Ceri Shipton, UCL; Kasih Norman, Griffith University; Shimona Kealy, Australian National University; Sue O'Connor, Australian National University

New evidence from Laili rockshelter on Timor hints at a rapid, large-scale human arrival 44,000 years ago.

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