The effects of COVID vaccines appear to wane as the months pass. Research into their longevity is still at an early stage, but with six months’ data, a picture is building. Antibody levels fall. The risk of being reinfected rises. Double-vaccinated people are getting ill.

But the important question, argues Sheena Cruickshank, is how ill. Waning immunity doesn’t mean the vaccines are no longer effective. Really, they’re here to protect people from severe disease, illness and death. On these fronts, vaccines are still proving highly effective. Governments – including in the UK – should therefore think carefully about whether booster programmes are truly needed.

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by the build-up of lumps of protein in the brain – but researchers may have found a way of removing them. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which is where people breathe in pure oxygen inside a pressurised chamber, has been shown to reduce these protein lumps and improve cognitive function.

And while English grammar is part of the national curriculum, teachers are struggling to teach it – because they weren’t taught grammar when they were at school.

Rob Reddick

Commissioning Editor, COVID-19

PIC SNIPE/Shutterstock

COVID vaccine effects wane over time but still prevent death and severe illness

Sheena Cruickshank, University of Manchester

Governments are launching booster programmes over fears about waning immunity levels, but vaccines are still highly effective at what matters most – preventing severe disease.

People wearing masks while having oxygen therapy in hyperbaric chamber. Drazen Zigic/Shutterstock

Alzheimer’s disease: hyperbaric oxygen proposed as treatment in new study

Osman Shabir, University of Sheffield

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy helped to reduce plaques in the brains of mice with Alzheimer’s disease.

Teachers need to be equipped with the knowledge and the confidence to teach the curriculum. Jeff Morgan 13 / Alamy Stock Photo

Grammar still matters – but teachers are struggling to teach it

Willem Hollmann, Lancaster University

Grammatical nous has been found to give students a broader understanding of their own language and a key to learning others. The problem is, teachers aren’t being equipped to teach it.

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