Haere mai, hoki mai rā — welcome back to your New Zealand newsletter.

With mere days until election day, is there anything left to say? Most definitely, yes — and I don’t just mean by the politicians themselves. Our two profiles of Jacinda Ardern and Judith Collins place both party leaders in the context of their careers and these unusual times to explain what motivates them, and perhaps what voters see in them, too.

Elsewhere, we examine the rise of ACT during this election, something that will have major implications for the shape and style of the next parliament. And the sad reality of our child poverty statistics being predicted to climb due to COVID-19 is a reminder that beyond the hustle and hype of the campaign, huge challenges await the next government.

You’ll find much more to read here and on our homepage. And on Sunday we’ll be sending you a special newsletter with expert analysis and coverage of the election result. Remember, if you have a friend or family member who might be interested in receiving this special newsletter too, ask them to sign up using this link.

Till after the election, then, ngā mihi nui ki a koutou katoa.

Finlay Macdonald

New Zealand Editor: Politics, Business + Arts

Wes Mountain/The Conversation

NZ election 2020: Jacinda Ardern promised transformation — instead, the times transformed her

Richard Shaw, Massey University

The politics of reassurance have made her one of the most popular prime ministers in NZ history. Can Jacinda Ardern turn that into meaningful change?

Wes Mountain/The Conversation

NZ election 2020: as the ultimate political survivor, Judith Collins prepares for her ultimate test

Jennifer Curtin

For Judith Collins, centrism is an excuse to do nothing and stand for nothing. This election is the greatest challenge yet for her brand of politics.

Hagen Hopkins/Getty Images

How patent law and medicine regulations could affect New Zealand’s access to a COVID-19 vaccine

Jessica C Lai, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

New Zealand has entered several international agreements to access COVID-19 vaccines, but it should also amend domestic patent law and regulatory processes to prevent delays and costly negotiations.

Shutterstock,Valentina Petrov

Climate explained: does a delay in COP26 climate talks hit our efforts to reduce carbon emissions?

Chris Turney, UNSW

The coronavirus pandemic caused the UN's annual climate conference to be postponed by a year, but it was also responsible for a drop in carbon emissions. Is it enough and will it last?

ACT deputy leader Brooke van Velden, leader David Seymour and candidate Nicole McKee at the party’s campaign launch in July. GettyImages

The rise of ACT in 2020 highlights tensions between the party’s libertarian and populist traditions

Grant Duncan, Massey University

Climbing in the polls and less inclined to be National's political lapdog, is the ACT Party more or less than the sum of its parts?

www.shutterstock.com

With foreign policy largely missing from NZ’s election campaign, what global challenges face the next government?

Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato

COVID-19 has all but wiped foreign policy from the election debate, but a world still in crisis awaits the winner of the general election.

GettyImages

COVID-19 is predicted to make child poverty worse. Should NZ’s next government make temporary safety nets permanent?

Kate C. Prickett, Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington

Emergency welfare relief during the pandemic shows 'transformational' child poverty action is politically and economically possible.

From our international editions

China’s image problem is worsening globally. It’s time for Beijing to consider a diplomatic reset

Kai He, Griffith University

A recent survey by the Pew Research Centre shows negative views toward China have reached their highest levels in nine countries since polling began over a decade ago.

Gladys Berejiklian determined to tough out scandal of secret relationship with disgraced former MP

Michelle Grattan, University of Canberra

NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian has admitted having a relationship with former MP Daryl Maguire, which she only ended recently, despite his being forced to quit state parliament in 2018.

This mysterious ‘exotic stellar peacock’ may open the door to a realm of physics only ever glimpsed

Peter Tuthill, University of Sydney

Surprising findings on an exquisite and huge star system in our Milky Way suggest future potential for an extremely rare gamma-ray burst. This event has never been observed in our galaxy.

Indigenous Peoples Day comes amid a reckoning over colonialism and calls for return of Native land

Abel R. Gomez, Syracuse University

Renaming a national holiday to celebrate Native culture is one thing, but many Indigenous peoples are looking for greater recognition of the land grab that deprived them of ancestral homes.

Coronavirus: how to make the three-tier lockdown work

Renaud Foucart, Lancaster University

The UK government is set to introduce a three-tier system of lockdowns.

Nagorno-Karabakh: what do residents of the contested territory want for their future?

Kristin M Bakke, UCL; Gerard Toal, Virginia Tech; John O’Loughlin, University of Colorado Boulder

Armenia and Azerbaijan are fighting over the contested territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. But what do the people who live there want?

Money and politics sway Jokowi’s decision to go ahead with regional elections during pandemic

Yohanes Sulaiman, Universitas Jendral Achmad Yani

The government's decision not to delay the elections is driven mostly by economic reasons, though political factors also come into play.

Training our immune systems: Why we should insist on a high-quality COVID-19 vaccine

Byram W. Bridle, University of Guelph; Samira Mubareka, University of Toronto; Shayan Sharif, University of Guelph

Our first exposure to a pathogen, either naturally or via vaccination, can affect how our immune system responds in the future to the same or similar pathogens.

Mike Pence’s fly: From Renaissance portraits to Salvador Dalí, artists used flies to make a point about appearances

Sally Hickson, University of Guelph

Flies have long held symbolic meaning in the history of art. In portraits made in Renaissance Europe, the presence of a fly symbolizes the transience of human life.

South African high court prohibits Muslim call to prayer. Why it got it wrong

Helena van Coller, Rhodes University

South African neighbour law also requires property owners to tolerate a degree of nuisance from their neighbours.