President Richard Nixon’s administration maintained an enemies list. Nixon scholar Ken Hughes quotes White House counsel John Dean – yes, that avuncular, reasonable guy you see now on CNN – saying that the aim was to “use the available federal machinery to screw our political enemies.”

The revelation of that list, writes Hughes, who conducts research at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center, “inspired bipartisan revulsion” in Congress and provoked conservative columnist and Nixon supporter William F. Buckley to call the enemies list “an act of proto-fascism. It is altogether ruthless in its dismissal of human rights. It is fascist in its reliance on the state as the instrument of harassment.”

Hughes writes about one case in which the Nixon administration spied on and conspired to silence a White House aide believed to be critical of the president’s policies. The very acts – among them, an extended FBI wiretap – used to silence a dissenter “who committed no crime” has lessons for the incoming Trump administration, says Hughes. That’s because Donald Trump’s choice for FBI head, Kash Patel, has assembled an enemies list, too, on which Patel includes “Members of the Executive Branch Deep State.”

But “an enemies list isn’t a weapon against the ‘Deep State,’” writes Hughes. “An enemies list was a tool that a president used to create a deep state of his own.”

Also in this week’s politics news:

Naomi Schalit

Senior Editor, Politics + Democracy

President Richard Nixon used the government as a weapon against his perceived enemies. Wally McNamee/Corbis Historical

Nixon’s official acts against his enemies list led to a bipartisan impeachment effort

Ken Hughes, University of Virginia

An enemies list isn’t a weapon against ‘the Deep State.’ It was a tool Richard Nixon used to create a deep state of his own.

Having Trump’s back on the world stage – but how much can Marco Rubio sway policy? Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Marco Rubio is no friend of Havana − but does Trump’s pick for secretary of state mean Cuba policy is set?

Joseph J. Gonzalez, Appalachian State University

Trump reversed the Cuba ‘thaw’ initiated by President Barack Obama. But second-guessing the incoming president’s policy on the island isn’t straightforward.

U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland during a news conference announcing an antitrust lawsuit against Apple on March 21, 2024. Mandel Ngan/AFP via Getty Images

What does the US attorney general actually do? A law professor explains

Jennifer Selin, Arizona State University

The combined political and legal roles and responsibilities of the US attorney general can create conflicts. Some attorneys general yielded to political pressure from the president – many did not.

3D-printed guns, like the one allegedly used to kill a health care CEO, are a growing threat in the US and around the world

Nir Kshetri, University of North Carolina – Greensboro

The use of 3D-printed guns in criminal and violent activities is likely to continue to increase. And governments and police will continue to have trouble regulating them.

Stop and think: An undervalued approach in a world that short-circuits thoughtful political judgment

Robert B. Talisse, Vanderbilt University

Responsible political judgment requires reflection − and reflection takes time.

Trump’s 2017 tax cuts expire soon − study shows they made income inequality worse and especially hurt Black Americans

Beverly Moran, Vanderbilt University

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from Trump’s first administration harmed many middle-class and low-income taxpayers. But Black people got it the worst, says an expert on race and taxation.

Luigi Mangione isn’t the first alleged criminal to capture many people’s imaginations – and hearts

Kimberly Przeszlowski, Quinnipiac University

Ted Bundy, the Menendez brothers and Bonnie and Clyde are other criminals who captivated observers because of their intriguing personal stories – and the violent nature of their crimes.