Spring is with us – and there’s nothing quite like the joy of seeing the return of flowers springing up in gardens and parks all around us. You may not realise it but you are looking at blooms that have evolved through oceans of time. In fact, as paleobiologist Ruoulin Wu writes, flowers are so old that scientists can’t agree on a timeline for when they first evolved. There is fossil evidence of flowers stretching back more than 130 million years, – and studies that analyse DNA sequences now suggest they may have originated 200 million years ago. Just for comparison, the T Rex became extinct around 66 million years ago – along with most of the dinosaurs.
Now scientists are using a new, mathematical, approach to the debate – with interesting results. A study that used a statistical model to calculate the age of flowers suggests they may have evolved alongside the dinosaurs – they’ve just proved rather better at surviving. This article is the latest in our Plant Curious series, exploring scientific studies that challenge the way you view plant life
On the subject of things which have survived against the odds, music on vinyl is once again flourishing. A fact that hasn’t escaped the notice of record companies who are cashing in with endless (and expensive) collectors items.
Meanwhile scientists in the US and China are using silk to make body armour. It’s an idea that’s been more than 200 years in gestation.
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Jenna Hutber
Commissioning Editor, Science
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Flowers may seem fragile but they are ancient.
Kichigin/Shutterstock
Ruolin Wu, University of Bristol
The origin date for flowers is a source of debate among scientists – but a new approach may help bring clarity to the question.
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Taylor Swift vinyl on display at a record store in Tokyo.
ZUMA Press, Inc./Alamy Stock Photo
Glenn Fosbraey, University of Winchester
The loyalty of fans has been exploited ever since big business realised music could be commercialised.
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FeyginFoto / Shutterstock
Lloyd Strickland, Manchester Metropolitan University
The concept goes back to a 17th century polymath who worked in Germany.
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World
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Ian Parmeter, Australian National University
US President Joe Biden’s recent warning to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has limited Israel’s options in Gaza. And neither of Israel’s war objectives appear to have been met.
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Politics + Society
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Nick Hajli, Loughborough University
Understanding how to spot a bot is essential, especially for anyone voting in an election.
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Clare McGlynn, Durham University
The invisible threat of deepfake porn now pervades the lives of women and girls
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Arts + Culture
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Ben Wiedel-Kaufmann, The Open University
Many of those who celebrate Banksy hold contradictory positions on precisely the themes his works seem to address.
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Business + Economy
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Bart MacCarthy, University of Nottingham
The resignation of the firm’s CEO and chair after yet another safety failure show something fundamental needs to change.
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Kirill Shakhnov, University of Surrey
Some people think the decision to impose higher tariffs is just an excuse used by the EU to keep protecting its own farmers.
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Chloe Fox-Robertson, University of Manchester; Dariusz Wojcik, National University of Singapore
There is a lack of women guiding the booming fintech industry.
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Education
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Willem Hollmann, Lancaster University; Cathie Wallace, UCL; Gee Macrory, Manchester Metropolitan University
There are alternatives to England’s focus on synthetic phonics, which teaches children to decode words by learning the relationship between letters and sounds.
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Environment
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Harro van Asselt, University of Cambridge; Lauri Peterson, University of Eastern Finland; Panagiotis Fragkos, National Technical University of Athens
While some countries are more likely than others to sign an international agreement to phase out fossil fuels, measures to tackle fossil fuel demand by adding a higher carbon price are essential.
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Health
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Christopher O'Sullivan, Manchester Metropolitan University
TikTok and Instagram misinformation is reportedly causing some women to stop taking their birth control.
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Nicola Thomas, London South Bank University
Kidney disease often doesn’t show up until the damage is quite extensive. So take care of your kidneys, starting today.
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