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Yesterday, Algerian boxer Imane Khelif easily defeated Janjaem Suwannapheng of Thailand to secure a berth in the Olympic gold medal final, which will take place on Aug. 9.

As chants of “Khelif, Khelif, Khelif” rained down from her boisterous supporters, Khelif was unable to contain her emotions: It’s been a whirlwind of a week for the 25-year-old. After her preliminary bout against Italian Angela Carini last Thursday, Khelif – and her sport – became embroiled in controversy. Many viewers soon learned that Khelif had been banned by the International Boxing Association in 2023 for failing a gender eligibility test, and anti-transgender influencers pounced, spreading a mix of misinformation and vitriol.

Penn State’s Jaime Schultz has studied the regulation of sex and gender in sports. She explains why Khelif – who has never identified as trans or intersex – was allowed to compete in the Olympics as a woman, and why regulators have never been able to come up with a foolproof form of sex testing.

“History shows that there are no conclusive ways to determine sex,” Schultz writes, “and no consensus over the extent to which the distinction matters.”

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Nick Lehr

Arts + Culture Editor

Algerian boxer Imane Khelif celebrates her victory in the women’s boxing 66-kilogram quarterfinal match at the Paris Olympics on Aug. 3, 2024. Richard Pelham/Getty Images

Imane Khelif controversy at Paris Olympics shows how sex testing in women’s sports puts regulators in an impossible bind

Jaime Schultz, Penn State

Most sports are organized according to a strict male-female binary. Nature isn’t.

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