The year 2020 has forced us to reevaluate pretty much everything, from how we work to how we can survive as a species. We have struggled with isolation and uncertainty, and many of us have had to come face-to-face with death itself. There’s no doubt it’s been a year for existential moments.

Just before the pandemic started, The Conversation – in partnership with BBC Future – launched a series, Life’s Big Questions, that sought to provide answers to existential conundrums. Asked by readers, and responded to by experts keen to think outside the box, they are now more relevant than ever.

The in-depth articles have covered many questions that science still struggles to answer, from the nature of love, evil and happiness to the great enigma of consciousness and the idea that humans are evolving beyond nature. They have also aimed to offer guidance. How do you become less bigoted? Why can’t you stop thinking about your dead parents, and what can you do about it? And how do you stay motivated in the face of our planet’s inevitable decline, when many argue that humans simply lack the altruism and long-term thinking that is needed to deal with the crisis?

Many answers have been surprising. For example, have you ever wondered what it actually feels like to die? Can it be a positive experience? A consultant working in palliative medicine argued that a euphoric death may be possible, explaining how our final moment is likely to be influenced by a cocktail of brain chemicals and the manner in which our brains shut down.

Miriam Frankel

Science Editor

No matter what we do, things will get worse. Bernhard Staehli

Climate change: how do I cope with our planet’s inevitable decline?

Neil Levy, University of Oxford

Some argue humans lack the altruism and long-term thinking that is needed to deal with the climate crisis. So how can you stay motivated?

The real thing? Oneinchpunch/Shutterstock

Love: is it just a fleeting high fuelled by brain chemicals?

Parashkev Nachev, UCL

When it comes to love, science has not yet got it right. And there's a wonderful reason why.

Roberto Trombetta/Flickr

Death: can our final moment be euphoric?

Seamus Coyle, University of Liverpool

How we experience the moment of death may be influenced by a cocktail of brain chemicals and the manner in which our brains shut down.

Freedom? Shutterstock

Could we live in a world without rules?

Nick Chater, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick

Rules help to shape society – but always question why they're there and who they serve.

Great colours in Cappadocia, Turkey. But what are they? Olena Tur/Shutterstock

Consciousness: how can I experience things that aren’t ‘real’?

Philip Goff, Durham University

The experience of a colour can be profound, but it doesn't really exist other than in our minds.

Don’t worry, be happy. Shutterstock

Happiness: is feeling content more important than purpose and goals?

Rafael Euba, King's College London

There are many ways to be happy, but we can also find comfort in the knowledge that our constant dissatisfaction is what makes us human.

shutterstock.

Is racism and bigotry in our DNA?

Tom Oliver, University of Reading

If we are not careful, the coronavirus pandemic could lead to a rise in xenophobic attitudes.

Natural? Shutterstock

Have humans evolved beyond nature – and do we even need it?

Manuel Berdoy, University of Oxford

The answer lies in determining what we are and what we want to become.

 

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